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(3124, 12, '2014-03-14 14:32:39', '2014-03-14 21:32:39', '<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\">Jag Juice : This Stuff Works Like Magic</span></strong></h2>\r\nThe world of microbes is a very important factor in the survival of this planet called earth. Bacteria are microorganisms (microbes).  Microbes include many microscopic living organisms, some of these are bacteria. Microorganisms fall on a spectrum from deadly to amazingly healing, that is they can be either good or bad. They can have a positive affect or a negative one. The good microbes are the ones that have a positive effect on the environment as well as mankind. All living systems have a microbial ecology that can be managed by, and benefit from, the constant delivery of <b><i>Good Microbes - Probiotics</i></b> providing a wide variety of consumer and business applications for probiotic products.\r\n<h3>Good Microbes−Probiotics Positive Affects on the Environment, Humans and Animals</h3>\r\nStriving to maintain a clean healthy environment as well as body can help eliminate the possibility of depleting good microbes which is possible with anything that is used to the point of excess. We have found and recommend Probiotics to you and your family, companion animals and your environment to live a healthier and cleaner life.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li><a title=\"Probiotics for Companion Animals\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/pets\" target=\"_blank\">Com</a><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/pets\" target=\"_blank\">panion Animals</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/equine/\" target=\"_blank\">Equine Health</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/garden/\" target=\"_blank\">Home and Garden</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/human-health/\" target=\"_blank\">Human Health</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/product-category/kitchenbath/\" target=\"_blank\">Kitchen and Bath</a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--\r\n.breadcrumb-trail\r\n{\r\ndisplay:none;\r\n}\r\n--></style>', 'Home', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1757-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-03-14 14:32:39', '2014-03-14 21:32:39', '', 1757, 'http://jagjuice.us/1757-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
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(3130, 12, '2014-03-14 15:13:12', '2014-03-14 22:13:12', '<h2><strong><span style=\"color: #339966;\"> </span></strong></h2>\r\nThe world of microbes is a very important factor in the survival of this planet called earth. Bacteria are microorganisms (microbes).  Microbes include many microscopic living organisms, some of these are bacteria. Microorganisms fall on a spectrum from deadly to amazingly healing, that is they can be either good or bad. They can have a positive affect or a negative one. The good microbes are the ones that have a positive effect on the environment as well as mankind. All living systems have a microbial ecology that can be managed by, and benefit from, the constant delivery of <b><i>Good Microbes - Probiotics</i></b> providing a wide variety of consumer and business applications for probiotic products.\r\n<h3>Good Microbes−Probiotics Positive Affects on the Environment, Humans and Animals</h3>\r\nStriving to maintain a clean healthy environment as well as body can help eliminate the possibility of depleting good microbes which is possible with anything that is used to the point of excess. We have found and recommend Probiotics to you and your family, companion animals and your environment to live a healthier and cleaner life.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li><a title=\"Probiotics for Companion Animals\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/pets\" target=\"_blank\">Com</a><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/pets\" target=\"_blank\">panion Animals</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/equine/\" target=\"_blank\">Equine Health</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/garden/\" target=\"_blank\">Home and Garden</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/human-health/\" target=\"_blank\">Human Health</a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/product-category/kitchenbath/\" target=\"_blank\">Kitchen and Bath</a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<style type=\"text/css\"><!--\r\n.breadcrumb-trail { display:none; }\r\n--></style>', 'Jag Juice : This Stuff Works Like Magic', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1757-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:13:12', '2014-03-14 22:13:12', '', 1757, 'http://jagjuice.us/1757-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
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(3177, 3, '2014-04-28 19:09:23', '2014-04-29 02:09:23', '', 'buck', 'identifies Buck\'s customers (10% discount)', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'buck', '', '', '2014-04-28 19:09:23', '2014-04-29 02:09:23', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?post_type=shop_coupon&#038;p=3177', 0, 'shop_coupon', '', 0),
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(2553, 3, '2013-09-16 10:51:43', '2013-09-16 17:51:43', '', 'PIP Products for Family & Pets', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'pip_familypets', '', '', '2013-09-16 10:51:43', '2013-09-16 17:51:43', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/PIP_FamilyPets.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0),
(2977, 1, '2013-11-01 14:25:09', '2013-11-01 21:25:09', '<h2>Testimonial Human Health</h2>\r\n<center>Testimonial of Sachiko Kawamoto from Torrance, California –\r\nUser of SCD Probiotics for 18 years and\r\nSCD Probiotics customer since before 2001\r\n\r\n</center>It has been 18 years since I was introduced to SCD Probiotics for the human health. Today I am alive because of SCD Probiotics. Not only for human health but to cure the polluted earth, it is very important to recognize, study, and research probio-technology.\r\n\r\nI would like to share my testimonial on how I applied SCD Probiotics for my recovery from terminal stage of cancer. By sharing my testimonial with others, I hope it would improve their conditions of illness. I touched many people, some people prolonged their life, and many people used it with chemotherapy to decrease side effects. Other people’s symptoms were lifted and helped their recovery.\r\n\r\nWhen I was introduced to probiotics it was not highly recognized like today. It was new to me and at same time I was diagnosed with terminal stage colon cancer. I had surgery and the doctors told me that, I will live for only one year because I stopped my chemotherapy in four months. I was introduced to SCD Probiotics when I enrolled for the research trials at UCLA immunologist who was doing research on NK cell activity on cancer cells. After taking probiotics, I got more energy and can eat well gradually. My NK cell activity result rose from 20 to 60. I am able to involve more activities with my family like shopping, cooking, and many more. At same time my mental stage changed, I had hope. I can live a meaningful life with a purpose.\r\n\r\nWhen I found out that probiotic technology application can be used for other area such as farming, environment cleaning, teaching, food production, manufacturing, and much more; I worked with a group of people to make kitchen foods compost, and introduced a school to make little garden with cafeteria compost with probio-technology.\r\n\r\nI also worked with organic farmers and introduced probio-technology. They have been using it for the last 7 years.I had an opportunity to have my booth in a World Agricultural Show for the last three years. I had introduced probio-technology in a cancer show.\r\n\r\nI also had an opportunity to introduce probio-technology for a lagoon treatment but they could not accept probio-technology. Reason was they said it takes too much money and they showed fear that this might not work. I had a couple of conventional farmers through the World Agricultural Show. They are now using probio-technology with a conventional method which is drip irrigation they spray to the product. My new customers show their interest to probio-technology by growing mushrooms. Also, one hatchery business is testing for pond allergy control.\r\n\r\nAs also shared with a client, she survived her terminal breast cancer taking chemotherapy and Xtra Immunity®. It has been almost 3 years and I hope she will continue to take the product and wouldn’t have a relapse.\r\n\r\nI like to close my testimonial now. To promote probio-technology to the world is my mission. This is a unique probiotics product, only one kind in the world. It is important to cure our home, the earth. We all have to work together, and our mind has to be there to recognize the new probio-technology.\r\n\r\nSachiko Kawamoto', 'Probiotics & Cancer', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2976-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-11-01 14:25:09', '2013-11-01 21:25:09', '', 2976, 'http://jagjuice.us/2976-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2555, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '<strong>Stewards of the Environment</strong>\r\n\r\nAt EdenBound Probiotics, we work with you to develop an accurate assessment of your business needs and find solutions to your problems that are useful and cost-effective. By using these natural living beneficial biologicals you can join us as stewards of the environment.\r\n\r\nWe offer products that have clear environmental advantages over other products while being economically competitive.\r\n\r\n<strong>Providing Environmental Products for a Better World</strong>\r\n\r\nOur products, including those for industrial and domestic wastewater treatment, septic tank and grease trap maintenance, odor control, animal waste treatment and soil amendment allow you to reduce your material and energy consumption as well as the generation of waste.\r\n\r\n<strong>Beneficial Microbes &amp; Agriculture</strong>\r\n\r\nSome common functions of beneficial and harmful soil microorganisms as they affect soil quality, crop production, and plant health.\r\n\r\n<strong>Functions of Beneficial Microorganisms</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Fixation of atmospheric nitrogen</li>\r\n	<li>Decomposition of organic wastes and residues</li>\r\n	<li>Suppression of soil-borne pathogens</li>\r\n	<li>Recycling and increased availability of plant nutrients</li>\r\n	<li>Degradation of toxicants including pesticides</li>\r\n	<li>Production of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds</li>\r\n	<li>Production of simple organic molecules for plant uptake</li>\r\n	<li>Complexation of heavy metals to limit plant uptake</li>\r\n	<li>Solubilization of insoluble nutrient sources</li>\r\n	<li>Production of polysaccharides to improve soil aggregation</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<strong>Functions of Harmful Microorganisms</strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Induction of plant diseases</li>\r\n	<li>Stimulation of soil-borne pathogens</li>\r\n	<li>Immobilization of plant nutrients</li>\r\n	<li>Inhibition of seed germination</li>\r\n	<li>Inhibition of plant growth and development</li>\r\n	<li>Production of phytotoxic substances</li>\r\n</ul>', 'About Us', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1633-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1633, 'http://jagjuice.us/1633-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2556, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nDr. Teruo Higa pioneered the methodology of repeated applications of a microbial inoculant in farming systems.  The USDA learned of EM•1<sup>®</sup> in the early 1990\'s and experimented with it finding many beneficial effects for cropping systems.\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant is most effective when applied either early mornings or late evening.  The key to success with Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> is to apply lots of organic matter (available carbon) with it to provide a home and food for the microorganisms.  Humates are a great source of available carbon.  Conventional farmers can use EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant as well as long as they do not mix synthetic chemicals with EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant.  If pesticides are to be used, please wait at least one week between applications of pesticide and EM•1<sup>®</sup>.\r\n\r\nBenefits of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant :\r\n-     Promotes soil aggregate formation and soil compaction resistance.\r\n-     Improves seed germination and root development.\r\n-     Increases nutrient availability.\r\n-     Improves crop quality:  size, color, and shelf life.\r\n-     Helps improve soil structure and porosity.\r\n-     Maximizes conversion of organic matter into soil humus.\r\n-     Increases beneficial native microbial populations.\r\n\r\nUses: For all horticultural applications.\r\n\r\nDirections: Apply EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant through an irrigation system, boom sprayer, backpack sprayer, fan sprayer, hand pump sprayer, or an electrostatic sprayer. EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant can be applied once a week during periods of extreme drought or rain and once a month for maintenance.\r\n\r\nThe general goal of first-year applications is to apply 40 gallons of  <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated-EM-1-s/261.htm\" target=\"_self\">Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup></a> per acre of property.  A typical program of 5 gallons per acre, applied 8 times per year will achieve this. Dilution rates vary according to plant time, timing, plant age, and method of application.\r\n<table border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td></td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\"></td>\r\n<td>AEM•1<sup>®</sup> Application Chart</td>\r\n<td></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>TYPE</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\"></td>\r\n<td>Frequency</td>\r\n<td>Dilution w/Water</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Soil w/o Irrigation</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\">5 gallons per acre or\r\n15 oz / 1,000 square feet</td>\r\n<td>4- 8 applications annually</td>\r\n<td>enough for coverage</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Soil:  w/Irrigation</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1-3 gallons per acre</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Weekly (or divided by number of irrigations per week)</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">enough for coverage</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Foliar Spray Treatment of\r\n\r\nAnnual Crops</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\">1-5 gallons per acre</td>\r\n<td>At least once per week.  2-3 times per week during times of high disease pressure (rains and humidity)</td>\r\n<td>3%-5% solution</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Transplants</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Dip or drench</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">At time of transplant</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">5% solution</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Cover Crop or\r\n\r\nResidue Incorporation</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\">5 gallons per acre</td>\r\n<td>During or Before Incorporation</td>\r\n<td>enough for coverage</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Greenhouse / Potting Soil</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\"></td>\r\n<td>Each Preparation</td>\r\n<td>Hydrate 40 lbs Potting Soil With  2 oz EM•1<sup>®</sup></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Compost</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\"></td>\r\n<td>During Preparation</td>\r\n<td>1.5 Gallons Per Cubic Yard Of Materials</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Evaporative Coolers for\r\n\r\nGreenhouses &amp; Hydroponic systems</td>\r\n<td rowspan=\"1\"></td>\r\n<td>As Needed To Maintain Dilution Ratio</td>\r\n<td>1 Part EM•1<sup>®</sup> per 1,000 Parts Cooling Water</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>', 'Agriculture', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1790-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1790, 'http://jagjuice.us/1790-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2557, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p align=\"left\">The application ratio for water applications are the same across the board, whether a fresh water pond or a stock pond.  It is one part <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> (AEM•1<sup>®</sup>) Microbial Inoculant per 10,000 parts water in the system.  Frequency of application varies according to the type of fish grown and the type of system being used.  Sometimes a weekly application is done, alternating <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM5_Receipe_s/260.htm\" target=\"_self\">EM5</a> with AEM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant. Some pond systems are used year-round and not drained while others are cleaned on a rotating yearly basis.  Fertilizing of these ponds is done and AEM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant added.  These are general guidelines that may be changed due to measurable parameters, such as ammonia concentrations, animal charge, organic material, oxygen level and water exchange.  If you have a stock pond that needs treatment, please contact TeraGanix Services for assistance in developing a unique program for your situation.</p>\r\n\r\n<div>WATER DILUTION AND AEM•1<sup>®</sup> APPLICATION ON RACEWAYS\r\nThe solution of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> to use on raceways is a 1:7,000 dilution divided by the days the shrimps stay in this place. For example, if the raceway has 70 TM (Metric Tons) and the shrimps are going to stay 25 days, the doses of the AEM•1<sup>®</sup>will be 1 pint (473 milliliters) per day. This quantity of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> will be diluted in 5 gallons (19.5 L) of water, to homogenize the application.</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>EM•1<sup>®</sup> BOKASHI APPLICATION THE POND SOIL</div>\r\n<div>EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi is applied to the pond to introduce beneficial microorganisms to the soil and second to nourish the soil with useful minerals for the growth of algae and phytoplankton that are the main feed for the shrimp on the first days in the pond.  An added benefit is that the EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi is a source of feed for the shrimp.  Analysis had shown that EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi has between 10-15% of protein, depending on the raw material used.</div>\r\nThe quantity of the Bokashi depends on the materials used and is applied according the soil needs. Generally, the first dose of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi for shrimp farms is 528lbs per acre.  This dose is reduced for the second cycle to 440lbs per acre, and from the third cycle on is stabilized at 375lbs per acre.  Soils that have a good percentage of organic material (&gt;2.5%) may not need a Bokashi application to the soil.  A minimum application rate of 200lbs per acre is still recommended during the cycle.\r\n\r\nDuring the summer the environmental conditions make the growth of phytoplankton or primary feed very difficult.  We recommend the use of inorganic fertilizers like sodium meta silicate or ammonium nitrate when the conditions of the area do not show any positive changes.\r\n<div>BOKASHI APPLICATION TO THE POND WATER</div>\r\n<div>Starting the second week after the post larvae stocking, start with bi-weekly applications of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi.  When EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi is applied shrimps are not fed with the extruded feed, and the applied doses is 20lbs per acre.</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>AEM•1<sup>®</sup> USE ON THE POND WATER\r\nThe first application of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> to the water is done when the water level is up to 50% of normal height.  After that, apply weekly during the cycle.  Apply by siphoning or dispersing to guarantee the product will be evenly distributed on the bottom and surface of the pond.</div>', 'Aquaculture', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1835-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1835, 'http://jagjuice.us/1835-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2558, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '<div>\r\n\r\n[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<div>Each project has unique chemical components and severity of problems. TeraGanix develops a specific program for each situation. Items needed to complete programs include:</div>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>a full onsite assessment,</li>\r\n	<li>lists of all the materials that have contaminated the area,</li>\r\n	<li>lists of all materials that since been used,</li>\r\n	<li>any geological assessments of the area,</li>\r\n	<li>maps,</li>\r\n	<li>soil samples,</li>\r\n	<li>water samples (if applicable), etc.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n<div>These assessments are usually outsourced to an agency that specializes in these areas. TeraGanix will meet with the consultants to develop a mode of treatment and monitor the project to assure the project goals are achieved. The programs generally involve combinations of EM•1<sup>®</sup>, EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi, and EM® Ceramics. Please contact TeraGanix for help on preparing a customized program for a site that you intend for bioremediation. TeraGanix encourages engineering firms engaged in bioremediation or enhanced bioremediation to contact us and collaborate on projects.</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>Bioremediation principles are very simple and this field has grown rapidly since the late 1980\'s. All synthetic chemicals are modeled on some natural product in one form or another. Microorganisms are known to break down any natural substance. The idea is to introduce microbes of a certain genus that are known to break down the natural substance and hope that it will break down the synthetic substance. Because the synthetic substances are usually toxic, a tremendous amount of the microorganisms are needed to surpass a threshold. Once the microbes can establish large populations, they can work on breaking down the substance.</div>\r\nStudies by the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy have shown the ability of photosynthetic bacteria to break down substances such as benzene and perchlorates.\r\n\r\nScience likes to isolate events so it can understand how one substance works. However, by doing this they often miss the synergistic effects that could take place with complex cultures of microorganisms. Effective Microorganisms™ works as a complex network of beneficial microorganisms. More often than not, EM•1<sup>®</sup> becomes a food source for the group of microbes that do the actual job. Without the EM•1<sup>®</sup> present, the indigenous biologicals may not have been able to accomplish the task themselves. The fact that Effective Microorganisms™ co-exist with indigenous microbes is one reason why EM•1<sup>®</sup> has such vast uses.', 'Bioremediation', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1880-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1880, 'http://jagjuice.us/1880-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2559, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nBiosolids is a nice sounding word for sludge. Sludge from a treatment plant is pretty ripe, releasing all sorts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) that give it a characteristic smell. High BOD, COD, Fats Oils &amp; Greases (FOGs) produce hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) and ammonia NH<sub>3</sub>. The use of Dr. Higa\'s Effective Microorganisms™ will rid any biosolids handling facility of its odor problem.\r\n\r\nOdors can be controlled by misting or fogging the area and by incorporating EM•1<sup>®</sup> into the materials while still in solids handling. In areas where the biosolids are being collected, fogging the area will prevent corrosion on equipment from the sulfuric acid produced by the H<sub>2</sub>S and will make for a safer working environment.\r\n\r\nDigestion rates in the composting process can also be noted by incorporating early on in the system as a pre-treatment. Rates are suggested below.\r\n\r\nManagement of biosolids varies. Sometimes the solids are composted and used as fertilizers. Other times they are incinerated or injected into the ground. No matter what is done, they all have odor issues.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>The equipment can be treated with a 50:1 application rate to clean and eliminate odor.</li>\r\n	<li>The facility can be fogged on a regular basis with a 100:1 application.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nActivated EM•1<sup>®</sup> is generally used for these applications. Application rates for EM•1<sup>®</sup> and Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> are the same. Activation is strictly a function of economics as it results in 22 times the original product.\r\n\r\nHow EM•1<sup>®</sup> Works:\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment has a unique ability to stabilize complex proteins through a shift from anaerobic putrefaction cycles to a fermentative cycle. Hair and plastics can play havoc with the balancing of an anaerobic digester by creating over-thickening of the scum layer. Hair is primarily composed of complex proteins, which have been historically difficult to stabilize to a point at which the biological breakdown will occur in a timely manner. EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment will assist by accelerating protein stabilization.\r\n\r\nThe microbes in EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment secrete beneficial substances such as organic acids, enzymes and antioxidants (chelated minerals and vitamins) when in contact with organic matter.  In wastewater applications, EM•1<sup>®</sup> assists in shifting conditions from putrefactive to non-putrefactive. This will improve the overall microbial cultures in the biosolids and speed up the finishing time of the materials with little change in methods and no change in equipment used.\r\n\r\nApplication Instructions:\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment is applied at various stages in the treatment process for optimum results. The application site and dosage amounts are dependent on the condition of the material to be treated. If it is odorous and putrefied, it will require a higher rate of application. Typical application rates to biosolids are 1.5-2 gallons per ton at time of mixture. From the application, conventional processing steps are followed thereafter.', 'Biosolids', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1875-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1875, 'http://jagjuice.us/1875-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2561, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[woocommerce_cart] ', 'Cart', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2211-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 2211, 'http://jagjuice.us/2211-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2562, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[woocommerce_checkout] ', 'Checkout', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2212-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 2212, 'http://jagjuice.us/2212-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2565, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[REWRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES]\r\n\r\nIf you are suffering from chemical sensitivities, try some of our products at home, in the car, or at work.  It is easy to do and the relief you will feel will make you jump for joy!\r\n\r\nMix 1 ounce of   _____________ per pint of water and spray around the house and in the car.\r\n\r\nWash all new clothing with about 1/8 cup of _____________ per load of laundry.\r\n\r\nTo deal with chemical sensitivities internally, you need to detoxify your body.   We recommend using <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Pro_EM_1_s/74.htm\" target=\"_self\">___________</a> in your dietary supplements.', 'Chemical Sensitivities', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1728-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1728, 'http://jagjuice.us/1728-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2566, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n<b><span style=\"color: #009900; font-size: xx-small;\">Probiotics for a Clean and Healthy Home &amp; Garden</span></b>\r\n\r\n<b>Probiotics</b> are good bacteria that are beneficial to the host (the place where the bacteria live). While the traditional meaning of the word “probiotic” is applied to human and animal digestive microorganisms, SCD Probiotics has transferred the technology to a line of products that help keep your home and garden clean and healthy. SCD Probiotics products are all-natural, biodegradable, not chemically engineered or genetically modified. Safe for use around children and pets, SCD Probiotics are products made for a sustainable future - for your family and for our planet.', 'Cleaners', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1764-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 1764, 'http://jagjuice.us/1764-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2567, 3, '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 'Contact', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2209-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:19:14', '2013-09-16 18:19:14', '', 2209, 'http://jagjuice.us/2209-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2571, 3, '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAntioxidants reverse oxidation. Antioxidants are chelated minerals and vitamins. Metabolites in EM•1<sup>®</sup>, in addition to the billions of live, active microbes, include trace minerals, vitamins, and various organic acids. Therefore, EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment is known to reverse putrefaction and oxidation through these secreted antioxidants. Antioxidants help with pH balance, preventing and even reversing corrosion, as well as controlling odors and salt build up on equipment. The pH balance also contributes to prevention of H<sub>2</sub>S combining with water vapor and forming H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, the main cause of crowning in sewer lines. Thiobacillus bacteria are the same bacteria that are used in strip mining to produce the acid wash. These bacteria are found everywhere on earth, but they need a certain pH, water, and sulfur to form sulfuric acid. The wastewater vapors in sewer lines provide the perfect environment for sulfuric acid production.*\r\n\r\nThe microbes in EM•1<sup>®</sup> not only release O<sub>2</sub> during their respiration which raises the pH, they also ingest a tremendous amount of sulfur, therefore removing it from the waste stream.*\r\n\r\nRising corrosive gases in lift stations can be dealt with through several types of applications with regular applications of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment, thereby preventing corrosion from outset. With repeated applications of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment, metals and concrete will not corrode and those that already are corroded further corrosion will be prevented.\r\n<div>In wastewater, antioxidants have a scavenging effect in the treatment system, pulling compounds out of suspension by combining with salts, thus causing a crystallization formation into a benign salt. By preventing various salts and mineral formation build up, the pipes will be polished without the need for mechanical cleaning. This all equals saving the municipality and the taxpayers money.</div>\r\n<div></div>\r\n<div>Depending on the condition, an application rate of 1:10-1:100 is recommended. The area is sprayed with the appropriately-sized piece of equipment and odor is eliminated. If this is to be a daily application, a fogging unit, injection pump, and timer are installed.A fresh water source is need for scheduled treatments.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n\r\n<hr />\r\n\r\n*Much of this information can be found in Bergey\'s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th Ed.).', 'Corrison Control', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1883-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '', 1883, 'http://jagjuice.us/1883-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2572, 3, '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Example:\r\nQuality of cow\'s milk in a dairy farm (174)</h2>\r\nOn 16 acre of land, the owners have practiced integrated agriculture for thirty years with chemicals. They could not find a better way to work in their farm, even though they knew how much it was harmful to human health. So, their health and their workers were not very good. In 1993, the owner started to make Bokashi for his orchard immediately. There were many fruit trees in his orchard such as mangoes, durians, rambutans, lychees, and guavas. After he used Bokashi, he found that the soil was improved and that he could make a very good income because of the low capital outlay. The products from his farm were then not enough for the consumers, because all of them realized that those were much better for their health.\r\n\r\nCPT (Consortia Probiotics Technology) were very easy to practice for everyone in his farm; there were no insects and disease infestations. So they could work happily on his farm, and never went to a doctor again after using CPT in his orchard. He has been using CPT and Bokashi, and also watering the fruit trees once every two days. After CPT was used in his orchard, he had more free-time, so he expanded his work by raising some fish, and having a new dairy farm. Dairy farming was very interesting, so he decided to have 15 cows.\r\n<h3>USE OF CPT FOR DAIRY FARM</h3>\r\n<ol type=\"1\">\r\n	<li>He mixed CPT (30 cc) with water (200 liters) for the cows drinking.</li>\r\n	<li>He made 24 hour rice straw*, for feed. Before feeding, he mixed rice bran with 24 hour rice straw.</li>\r\n	<li>He received chemical feed from the cooperative which got the milk from his farm. The feed was mixed with Bokashi before feeding.</li>\r\n	<li>Before being milked, the cows nipples were cleaned with CPT diluted solution at the rate of 20 cc: 5 liters.</li>\r\n	<li>The cow barn was cleaned by CPT diluted solution at the rate of 20 cc: 100 liters twice a day (in the morning and evening).</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<h3>RESULTS</h3>\r\n<ol type=\"1\">\r\n	<li>The chemical feed was reduced to 30 kilos/day which gave lower capital outlay.</li>\r\n	<li>The cows would be milked until the seventh month after giving birth or until they were pregnant once more.</li>\r\n	<li>He could get 100 liters of milk per day from 15 cows.</li>\r\n	<li>The milk was the best quality (grade A) and not easily spoiled.</li>\r\n	<li>The environment in the barn was very good. There was no any foul odor at all.</li>\r\n	<li>He profited more/month.</li>\r\n	<li>The cow dung was used to make Bokashi for his orchard.</li>\r\n</ol>', 'Dairy', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1849-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '', 1849, 'http://jagjuice.us/1849-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2573, 3, '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nYou never know what is going to happen.  When disaster strikes, it can be a devastating blow.  Your safety and the safety of your family is the first thing you must address.  After the event, you need to start cleaning everything.  Make sure what you use is effective and safe.  EM•1<sup>®</sup> is both of those and it has a track record for use in disaster cleanup around the world.\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> was used after the Kobe Earthquake in Japan to clean water, control odors, and break down toxic chemicals.  It was ordered for use after the 2004 Tsunami by the Thai Government, the Thai Red Cross and the Thai military.  EM•1<sup>®</sup> was used to remediate hundreds of homes in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina in 2005.  It was most recently used after the earthquakes in Haiti as well.\r\n\r\nClick through these sections to learn of different methods EM•1<sup>®</sup> has been used to address disaster cleanup efforts so you will prepared.', 'Disaster / Accident Cleanup', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1871-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:30:45', '2013-09-16 18:30:45', '', 1871, 'http://jagjuice.us/1871-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2574, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nEM Technology<sup>®</sup> offers solutions to today\'s and tomorrow\'s environmental problems.\r\n\r\nTeraGanix focuses on using EM Technology<sup>®</sup> to provide solutions to pollution. Effective Microorganisms™ is easy to use and cost effective because it does not requires changes to the existing treatment and collection system and application equipment is relatively inexpensive.', 'Environmental', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1794-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1794, 'http://jagjuice.us/1794-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2575, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nCREATE FAQs\r\n\r\nREDO THESE, CHANGE PRODUCT NAMES AND PLACE ON ONE PAGE\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"Activated EM-1 FAQ\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated-EM-1-FAQ-s/787.htm\" target=\"\">Activated EM·1® FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"Bokashi FAQs\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Bokashi-FAQs-s/786.htm\" target=\"\">EM® Bokashi FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"EM-1 FAQs\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM-1-FAQs-s/785.htm\" target=\"\">EM·1® FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"Pro EM1 FAQs\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Pro-EM1-FAQs-s/784.htm\" target=\"\">Pro EM·1® FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"Dr Don\'s FAQ\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Dr-Don-s-FAQ-s/783.htm\" target=\"\">Dr. Don\'s® FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n<td><img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/templates/teraganix/images/Bullet_SubCategory.gif\" align=\"absmiddle\" /> <span style=\"font-family: Arial; font-size: small;\"><b> <a title=\"EM Ceramics FAQs\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM-Ceramics-FAQs-s/782.htm\" target=\"\">EM® Ceramics FAQs</a> </b></span></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>', 'FAQs', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1733-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1733, 'http://jagjuice.us/1733-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2576, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nTo learn how to make <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> (AEM•1<sup>®</sup>) click here.\r\n\r\nCombining with Fertilizers\r\nEffective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> provides little to no fertilizing material.  It does make the nutrients available to plants. Therefore, you need to use EM-1 in conjunction with fertilizers. However, concentrated fertilizers will kill the microbes over time if mixed together in concentrated form. To avoid this, you need to set up separate tanks, one for your <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> and one for the fertilizer. Use an injection pump to pump from each tank into the irrigation line. The dilution with water is great enough to prevent the microbes from dying at that point.\r\n\r\nCombining with Pesticides\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Don\'t Do It. Pretty much all of your synthetic pesticides on the market kill every one of the microbes in EM-1, some do it on contact. With fumigants start applying <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> as close to the end of the residual kill time before applying the EM-1.</li>\r\n	<li>However, with the biological pesticides the two products work well together.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nSeed Treatment:\r\nSoak seeds one day before planting in a 1:10,000 AEM•1<sup>®</sup>/water solution. If the seed cannot be soaked, moisten the seed before planting with the same 1:10,000 <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup>/water solution.\r\n\r\nTransplanting:\r\nUse as a drench at 4% solution.  <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> can be added with other products, such as organic fertilizers, mineral supplements and compost teas during this process.\r\n\r\nFoliar Treatments:\r\nApply <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> with a sprayer at a 1.5- 3 gallons per acre diluted with water for coverage.  It is best to apply <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> as part of a foliar nutrient program once per week throughout the growing season.\r\n\r\nSoil Treatment:\r\nThe goal is to get 40 gallons <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> per acre per year.  An easy rule of thumb for growers using irrigation systems is to apply 1-3 gallon of <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> per acre per week, depending on the length of the growing season.  <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> can also be applied 5-8 times during the growing season using spraying equipment if irrigation systems are not in use.  If continuous cropping, increase the rate to 1 gallon per week for a total of 52 gallons per acre per year.\r\n\r\nPost Harvest:\r\nA post-harvest treatment is made at a rate of 1-5 gallons per acre to accelerate lignin and cellulose breakdown of organic matter, which is then disced in prior to next season\'s sowing.\r\n\r\nCleaning Irrigation Lines:\r\nClean irrigation lines with an application of 5 gallons per acre, let sit in lines for 4-5 days, and flush.  Depending on how hard the water is, this may need to be done 2-4 times per year.  The cost of the <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"https://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> is less than sulfuric and it is much safer than sulfuric or bleach.\r\n\r\nWell Treatment:\r\nWells can be treated as well.  Inject 55 gallons into a well head and let sit for 3-4 weeks.  Flush and repeat one or two more times depending on the color of the water that flushes out.  If it clears after the first flush there is no need to repeat the application.', 'Field Crops', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1825-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1825, 'http://jagjuice.us/1825-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(2577, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>Foliar feeding rates will vary according to the size of the plant during the growing season. Our best programs have been starting at 1/2 gallon per acre per week and up to 5 gallons per acre per week. Leaves are sprayed until moist, not dripping wet.\r\n\r\nWe usually do a 3-5% solution of Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> a 2-5% nutrient solution, and a wetting agent, mixed in tank with water. Liquid humate or lignin could be added to the mix as well.  When using conventional fertilizers, go with the lower dilution.  With natural or organic fertilizers, you can go 5% or slightly higher, depending on the type of plant.\r\n\r\nIf applying pesticides, EM-1 is compatible with most biological pesticides, but not synthetic ones. In general it is OK to tank mix with biological pesticides as long as the mixture is sprayed within an hour. Several synthetic pesticides have been tested and kill all the microbes in the product in as little as 30 seconds. If using synthetic pesticides, apply separately, waiting at least 24-48 hours between applications.\r\n\r\nApplication Equipment Consideration\r\nBest results are achieved when foliar sprays are finely atomized with a drifting mist. Any piece of equipment listed below will suit this purpose.\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<table border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Orchard Fan Spray Rig</td>\r\n<td>Both 3-point type and larger pull-behind PTO units work well (usually used for large acreage applications).</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Boom-Type Sprayers</td>\r\n<td>Some advantage can be gained by increasing sprayer pressure, tilting the nozzles back to a 45º angle to allow the spray to drift onto the plants.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Backpack Leaf Blower with Liquid Attachment</td>\r\n<td>Good for applications from backyard up to 5 acres.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Hand Pump Sprayer</td>\r\n<td>Backpack units designed for up to 90 psi are good for backyard gardens up to 1 acre.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Electrostatic Sprayer</td>\r\n<td>Units impart a charge to the spray particles, causing them to adhere more readily to plants.</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nWhen to Foliar Spray:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Foliar feeding is most effective in the evening or in the early dawn, when temperatures are mild and wind is minimal.</li>\r\n	<li>When wind is minimal, finely atomized sprays drift readily.</li>\r\n	<li>Absorption is further enhanced when weather conditions are humid and moist. The presence of dew on the leaves facilitates foliar feeding.</li>\r\n	<li>Absorption is improved when sprays also reach and coat the undersides of leaves where the majority of the plant\'s stomata are located.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nWhen NOT to foliar Spray:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Do NOT spray during the height of the day (10:00 AM to 4:00 PM).</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nFor Best Results:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Foliar feed once per week during the growing season.</li>\r\n	<li>Foliar feed in the evening.</li>\r\n	<li>During very wet periods, foliar feed one to three times per week.</li>\r\n	<li>A surfactant or whetting agent added to the solution decreases surface tension on the leaf and facilitates absorption.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nAssessing the results:\r\n\r\nWithin as little as four hours of day light after the foliar application the progress of the plants can be checked with a refractometer in a relatively simple process. Begin by extracting a sample of sap from several of the crop plants before foliar applications. By testing several possible blends using several spray bottles, you can determine the best blend to use. Then follow the instructions below:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Squeeze the leaves or stems with a garlic press or some other tool.</li>\r\n	<li>Place the extracted sap in the refractometer to measure and record the reading.</li>\r\n	<li>Use a spray bottle to mist a small sample of foliar spray blend onto the plants.</li>\r\n	<li>After a short time, extract and measure another sap sample.</li>\r\n	<li>If the Brix has increased, apply foliar feeding with that specific blend.</li>\r\n	<li>A \"placebo\" spray of distilled water should be tested at the same time to discount any changes.</li>\r\n</ul>', 'Foliar Feeding', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1833-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1833, 'http://jagjuice.us/1833-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2578, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Restore Natural Environments With Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> Organic Soil Conditioner</h2>\r\nDebris\r\nIt seems that everywhere there are people, there is trash.  In many areas there is debris that needs to be removed as it can be an eyesore, be a source of contamination (in the case of chemicals or other pollutants), or even hazardous to animals.  The materials should be removed and disposed of properly.  This can take quite a bit of labor and coordination.\r\n\r\nInvasive species\r\nInvasive species are non-native plants that establish themselves, choking out native species and affecting local wildlife.  The <a href=\"http://www.invasiveplants.net/plants/purpleloosestrife.htm\" target=\"_self\">purple loosetrife</a> is a wild flower found almost everywhere in the United States.  It is an invasive species that chokes out native plants in areas where there is enough water for it to survive.  In the Southwestern United States the salt cedar grows along river beds, irrigation ditches and washes, sucking up valuable water along the way that is intended for irrigation and drinking.\r\n\r\nThe invasive plant materials will be removed and handled properly.  Disposing of them in a landfill is not ideal since it is a waste of valuable organic materials.  Using Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> allows you to get a double use out of these plants.  Plants like these are very strong and have lots of beneficial compounds in them.  Making a <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM-Fermented-Plant-Extract-s/259.htm\" target=\"_self\">Fermented Plant Extract</a> (FRE) with the plants will extract these compounds.  It will also make any seeds they have unable to sprout and will start the breakdown of the lignin and cellulose in them.  You can ferment this material for two weeks to several months.  Strain off the liquid once the fermentation is complete.  The liquid will be added to the soil mix as well as follow-up treatments of the soil.  Once the extract is drawn off, there will be leftover plant materials.  These can be made into <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM-Method-s/979.htm\" target=\"_self\">EM<sup>®</sup> Bokashi</a> by adding some more organic (dried plant material such as grass or dried leaves and fermenting for a few weeks. The EM<sup>®</sup> Bokashi can be used to amend the soil and as a living mulch as part of the restoration process.  If there is enough material left over, it can be sold to landscaping companies or to farmers to amend their soils.\r\n\r\nRe-Vegetation &amp; Restoring\r\nTake a soil analysis of the area to be restored.  You may find the area is deficient of certain nutrients, has drainage problems, or is compacted, salted, or has high acidity or alkalinity.  Knowing the soil will help you properly decide a course of action.  That course of action may include deciding what species of plants to plant, what nutrient programs will be needed, what types of physical measures may need to be taken in regards to drainage or amending the soil.  A good soil analysis involved digging a representative sample of soil across the entire area to be planted, mixing up the soil, and sending a portion of it to a lab.  You will want to include organic matter, pH, and nutrients (Nitrogen, Potassium, Phosphorus, Ammonium, Nitrate, Copper, Sulfur, Iron, Sodium, Boron, Magnesium, Manganese, Calcium, etc.).  Once you have these numbers, you will be able to chose the plants you will use, know what the soil is lacking and make a fertility program accordingly, and be able make some decisions on how much amending you will make to the soils at time of planting.\r\n<img alt=\"Nutrient Solution Tanks\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/assets/images/inoculation_tanks_web.jpg\" width=\"269\" height=\"201\" align=\"right\" border=\"0px\" />\r\nAfter the invasive species are removed the soil will be fairly barren.  To avoid erosion from wind and water, it is a good idea to re-vegetate it with native species.  To ensure they will establish well, you will want to amend the soil.  A good soil mix will have some nutrients, lots of organic matter, and be light enough for roots to grow and establish themselves.  Dig hold and add the soil mix, water in with some nutrient solution and Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> (or the FPE).  Build a berm around trees and large plants to hold in water.  After planting, water once per week until the plants are well-established with both a 3% Nutrient and 3% AEM•1<sup>®</sup>/FPE solution.  If watering a large area, to make applications easier, you can set up a water truck and spray from tanks on the truck.\r\n\r\nExamples\r\nTake a look at a recent project by GOAL (The Greenbelt Overhaul Alliance of Levittown), a Pennsylvania based non-profit organization.\r\n\r\nPhotos courtesy of G.O.A.L. and B OrgaNix.', 'Habitat Restoration', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1863-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1863, 'http://jagjuice.us/1863-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2580, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nAll versions of the Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> brand (EM•1<sup>®</sup>) work great as environmentally-safe degreasers and all-purpose cleaners. EM•1<sup>®</sup> is especially useful as a cleaning or deodorizing agent due to its antioxidant qualities and ability to eat grease.\r\n\r\nEffective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> brands do not contain any hazardous ingredients and are not hazardous to humans, animals, or plants. Due to NFS certification requirements, we are not recommending the use of Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> on food preparation surfaces such as counters and cutting boards.\r\n\r\nFor hotel and home housekeeping, EM•1<sup>®</sup> applications will first reduce and eliminate odor in carpets, furniture, trash, etc. Second, it is also used to clean windows, mirrors, toilets, tubs, flooring, etc.\r\n\r\nBenefits of EM•1<sup>®</sup>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>In toilets and tubs EM•1<sup>®</sup> has an effect on salts that prevents them from binding to other substances, therefore,\r\ngetting rid of the \"ring\".</li>\r\n	<li>EM•1<sup>®</sup> will cut down the use of detergent in laundry, eliminate odor, clean laundry better, and help drainage.</li>\r\n	<li>In swamp coolers or humidifiers, EM•1<sup>®</sup> will keep unit clean, eliminate odors and freshen the air you breath.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dilution</td>\r\n<td>Purpose</td>\r\n<td>Rate</td>\r\n<td>Frequency</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:10</td>\r\n<td>Odors &amp; Tobacco Smoke</td>\r\n<td>Slightly Moist</td>\r\n<td>Daily or when needed</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:10</td>\r\n<td>Trash Receptacles, Dumpsters and Enclosures</td>\r\n<td>Wet</td>\r\n<td>Daily or when needed</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:10</td>\r\n<td>Garbage Disposals</td>\r\n<td>1/4 Cup per unit</td>\r\n<td>Daily at closing</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:50</td>\r\n<td>Kitchen Floor Drain</td>\r\n<td>1/4 Cup per unit</td>\r\n<td>Daily at closing</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:64</td>\r\n<td>Carpets &amp; Mats</td>\r\n<td>slightly moist</td>\r\n<td>1-2 times per week</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:64</td>\r\n<td>Urinals</td>\r\n<td>1/4 cup per unit</td>\r\n<td>Daily at closing</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:64</td>\r\n<td>Metal Stall Base</td>\r\n<td>Wet Spray</td>\r\n<td>Daily at closing</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Kitchen Sinks, dishwasher, and all non-food prep areas</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Appropriate Amounts</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Daily cleanup</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:128</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Bathroom fixtures, mirrors, windows</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Slightly moist</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Daily cleaning</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Kitchen floors</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1/2-3/4 Cup per mop bucket</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Daily mopping</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">0</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Laundry</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1/8-1/4 Cup per load</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Each Load</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n* For tougher applications, use a higher concentration of EM•1<sup>®</sup>.\r\n† If excess water from mop bucket is poured down drain, there should be no need for additional applications to the drains.Dilution should be done as follows:\r\nExample: 1 ounce EM•1<sup>®</sup> to 10 ounces water\r\nStore EM•1<sup>®</sup> at room temperature (55º to 80º degrees F) and out of direct sun light.\r\nChemicals such as bleach, ammonia, and anti-bacterial soap should be avoided before and after EM•1<sup>®</sup> use.', 'Hospitiality', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1869-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1869, 'http://jagjuice.us/1869-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2581, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nHydroponics systems can be completely in liquid or use small amounts of soils.  Most of the nutrients are fed into the water that the plant roots rest in.  Additional foliar applications may or may not be made, depending on the grower.\r\n\r\nAeroponics is a growing technique similar to hydroponics, however, the plants receive all their nutrients via foliar application.\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>3% solution EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant several times per week.</li>\r\n	<li>Feed with a 2% solution of of nutrients several times per week.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nWater can also be <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EM_and_Water_Conditioning_s/57.htm\" target=\"_self\">conditioned using our 35mm Pipe Ceramics</a>. For every 1,000 gallons of water in tanks, use 4 sets of the <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/EMX-Ceramic-Pipe-35mm-p/4012.htm\" target=\"_self\">35mm EMX Ceramic</a> pipes. They can be put inside a 1 1/4\" PVC pipe and plumbed directly into the main supply line. This will help condition the water and pull out dissolved solids in the water. If the unit is set up on a circulation system, you will notice it makes better use of the ceramics.\r\n\r\nIn the water lines, add EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant starting at a rate of 1:1,000 (1 teaspoon per gallon) and as needed to maintain recommended dilution ratios with replacement water.  Continue to use nutrient solutions as EM•1<sup>®</sup> is not a replacement for nutrients.', 'Hydroponics', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1844-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1844, 'http://jagjuice.us/1844-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2582, 3, '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSome lagoons are in pretty good condition and need just a maintenance dose of <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup></a>. Others may need a more aggressive treatment plan.  These application rates can be used for manure pits, as often found in hog barns, as well.\r\n\r\nMethods for management of healthy lagoons:\r\n<table border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lagoon Volume\r\n(Gallons)</td>\r\n<td>1st Application</td>\r\n<td>Next 4 Weeks\r\n(Once Per Week)</td>\r\n<td>Maintenance\r\n(Once Per Month)</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5,000-10,000</td>\r\n<td>3 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 Quart</td>\r\n<td>1 Quart</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10,001-50,000</td>\r\n<td>4 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 Quarts</td>\r\n<td>2 Quarts</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>50,001-100,000</td>\r\n<td>5 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 Quarts</td>\r\n<td>3 Quarts</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>100,001-300,001</td>\r\n<td>6 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 Gallon</td>\r\n<td>1 Gallon</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>300,001-500,000</td>\r\n<td>7 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 1/2 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 1/2 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>500,001-1,000,000</td>\r\n<td>10 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1,000,001-1,500,000</td>\r\n<td>15 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nAggressive plan for a lagoon:\r\n<table border=\"1\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Lagoon Volume\r\n(Gallons)</td>\r\n<td>1st Application\r\nActivated EM•1<sup>®</sup></td>\r\n<td>Next Weeks\r\n(Once Every Other Week until clean)</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>100,001-300,001</td>\r\n<td>10 -30 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>10-30 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>300,001-500,000</td>\r\n<td>30-50 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>30-50 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>500,001-1,000,000</td>\r\n<td>50-100 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>50-100 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1 Million</td>\r\n<td>100 Gallons</td>\r\n<td>100 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">5 Million</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">500 Gallons</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">500 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">10 Million</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1,000 Gallons</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1,000 Gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nIf the lagoon has a crust and/or a large volume of sludge, continue application until some level of clarity is seen. It would be wise to measure sludge levels to set a point of comfort level as to when to decrease application rates to a maintenance dose.', 'Lagoons', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1861-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:32:18', '2013-09-16 18:32:18', '', 1861, 'http://jagjuice.us/1861-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2583, 3, '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nIn this section we are providing you with several of the most common application solutions with EM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant and EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment for livestock operations including odors and problems associated with foul odors, manure management, and lagoon management.\r\n\r\nA great benefit with EM•1<sup>®</sup> is that it is not specific to a type of animal.  If you are raising hogs, the benefits you are looking for will be slightly different than someone that is growing chickens, however, the effect on ammonia is the same and the application rate is about the same as well.  This means, if you are raising mink, sheep or goats, horses, or any number of animal, you can follow the guidelines we give you here in this section.\r\n\r\nPlease visit <a href=\"http://www.emrojapan.com\">EMRO Japan\'s</a> website, to find studies from over 100 countries using Dr. Higa\'s Original EM•1<sup>®</sup> products on virtually any animal that is commercially raised.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Livestock', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1792-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '', 1792, 'http://jagjuice.us/1792-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2585, 3, '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '<h1>Checkout</h1>\n\n{{mj-checkout-form}}', 'Mijireh Secure Checkout', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2261-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '', 2261, 'http://jagjuice.us/2261-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2586, 3, '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '<div>\n\nThis is an example page. Fusce dignissim dapibus nulla, ac tempor arcu malesuada a. Pellentesque purus velit, accumsan at mollis vitae, iaculis nec diam. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Aenean eget bibendum erat. Quisque mauris tortor, aliquet placerat dictum vel, lacinia ut mi. Vivamus eu ligula non libero ornare aliquet ac eu eros. Curabitur luctus, metus at fringilla ultricies, ipsum arcu facilisis nisl, eu tincidunt felis leo eget nunc. Vestibulum ante ipsum primis in faucibus orci luctus et ultrices posuere cubilia Curae; Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. In at pretium turpis. Fusce vitae tortor ut ante dictum gravida. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed sit amet rhoncus sem.\n\nFusce quis nibh id metus vestibulum malesuada. Etiam porta laoreet laoreet. Pellentesque vitae purus lorem. Aliquam erat volutpat. Curabitur fermentum arcu et ante porttitor sit amet commodo lacus fermentum. Quisque dapibus sem quis neque luctus ultricies. Etiam ipsum leo, scelerisque non auctor a, lobortis quis ligula. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Vestibulum vitae ipsum ac tortor rhoncus convallis. Proin non velit et nisl pharetra ultrices sit amet eu quam.\n\nIt’s different from a blog post because it will stay in one place and will show up in your site navigation (in most themes). Most people start with an About page that introduces them to potential site visitors. It might say something like this:\n<blockquote>Hi there! I’m a bike messenger by day, aspiring actor by night, and this is my blog. I live in Los Angeles, have a great dog named Jack, and I like piña coladas. (And gettin’ caught in the rain.)</blockquote>\n…or something like this:\n<blockquote>The XYZ Doohickey Company was founded in 1971, and has been providing quality doohickies to the public ever since. Located in Gotham City, XYZ employs over 2,000 people and does all kinds of awesome things for the Gotham community.</blockquote>\nAs a new WordPress user, you should go to <a href=\"http://demo.colorlabsproject.com/wardrobe/wp-admin/\">your dashboard</a> to delete this page and create new pages for your content. Have fun!\n\nNam at lacus felis, pulvinar iaculis nisl. In hendrerit erat ac orci interdum egestas. Ut at enim lorem, ac consectetur velit. Duis hendrerit tempus enim quis molestie. Integer vel sapien diam. Phasellus sodales lacus placerat mauris pharetra bibendum. Duis bibendum justo nec neque euismod at egestas odio lobortis. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Nam tortor dui, rhoncus facilisis dapibus quis, fringilla eget diam. Phasellus laoreet leo vel est volutpat aliquam.\n\nAenean sed faucibus justo. Donec mi dolor, venenatis vitae adipiscing sed, tincidunt vel quam. Praesent et risus felis, sit amet commodo quam. Donec suscipit congue orci, vel scelerisque risus scelerisque id. Cras ut diam dignissim odio consectetur aliquam ac feugiat quam. Class aptent taciti sociosqu ad litora torquent per conubia nostra, per inceptos himenaeos. Suspendisse felis enim, dignissim ac lobortis nec, fermentum eget diam. Morbi dictum interdum augue id tristique. Praesent porttitor cursus tortor ut hendrerit. Phasellus porta nisl ac lorem feugiat et ultrices metus iaculis. Etiam ullamcorper, risus eget interdum lobortis, urna magna laoreet libero, in mattis nunc mi a felis. Pellentesque mi ligula, ultrices nec volutpat eu, consequat nec est.\n\n</div>', 'One Column', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1956-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '', 1956, 'http://jagjuice.us/1956-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2588, 3, '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nDepending on of the condition of the pond, you will need to give it several months to fully recover. You should also look at trying to find the source of the nutrients going into the pond which are causing algae growth or slime and try to stop it if you can to prevent this from happening again.\r\n\r\nA general starting point is to apply EM•1<sup>®</sup> at a rate of 1:10,000 on a monthly basis (100 gallons per acre foot) if the pond is in poor condition. If it is in very poor condition, the application is done twice per month until desired clarity it achieved.\r\n\r\nIn systems that have high flow rates or excessive sludge levels, the addition of EM•1® Bokashi can accelerate sludge digestion.\r\n\r\nCalculating the amount of water in the pond:\r\nTaking an average of the volume of the pond to calculate how much EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment you will need is fine. If it is a small pond, say 300 gallons, figure your numbers by using ounces instead of gallons.  Follow the application chart on this page to find out how much EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment you will need.\r\n<table border=\"1\" align=\"center\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Water Volume (Gallons)</td>\r\n<td>1st Application EM•1<sup>®</sup></td>\r\n<td>Next 4 Weeks (Once Per Week) EM•1<sup>®</sup></td>\r\n<td>Maintenance (Once Per Month) EM•1<sup>®</sup></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>5,000-10,000</td>\r\n<td>3 gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 quart</td>\r\n<td>1 quart</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>10,001-50,000</td>\r\n<td>4 gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 quarts</td>\r\n<td>2 quarts</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>50,001-100,000</td>\r\n<td>5 gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 quarts</td>\r\n<td>3 quarts</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>100,001-300,000</td>\r\n<td>6 gallons</td>\r\n<td>1 gallon</td>\r\n<td>1 gallon</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>300,001-500,000</td>\r\n<td>7 gallons</td>\r\n<td>1.5 gallons</td>\r\n<td>1.5 gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>500,001-1,000,000</td>\r\n<td>10 gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 gallons</td>\r\n<td>2 gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1,000,001-1,500,000</td>\r\n<td>15 gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 gallons</td>\r\n<td>3 gallons</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nThe live microbes in the EM•1<sup>®</sup> will work on breaking down lignin, carbohydrates, cellulose and other starches in the wastewater sludge. Laboratory analysis has demonstrated these effects.\r\n\r\nThis is evidenced by a reduction of BOD, COD, and sludge levels. It can also be measured with a secci disk.', 'Ponds', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1877-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:34:06', '2013-09-16 18:34:06', '', 1877, 'http://jagjuice.us/1877-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2589, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>EM Technology<sup>®</sup> Keeps Your Restaurant Grease and Odor-Free--</h2>\r\n<h2></h2>\r\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"https://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/assets/images/p1010002.jpg\" width=\"292\" height=\"219\" align=\"right\" border=\"0px\" />Restaurants need Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> for odor control and digestion of grease. Grease and odors hover everywhere in the operation. Restaurant owners purchase various products for treating all these issues (soap, degreaser, bleach, drain cleaner, acids, enzymes, etc.).  El Pinto Restaurant in Albuquerque, New Mexico (pictured right) has been using EM•1<sup>®</sup> in many areas including the grease trap, to clean carpets, to mop floors, on all their indoor and outdoor plantings, to treat food wastes, and to grow chili peppers they use in their salsas and chilis.  They even use is in the water features they have in the restaurant (in the background of the picture).\r\n\r\nUsing EM•1<sup>®</sup> for all these applications will take care of these problems and save the restaurant owner time &amp; money.  With all the food, garbage, and water, restaurants are notorious for attracting pests. Therefore, cleanliness is extremely important. Also, restaurants care about keeping chemicals away from the foods they plan to prepare for their customers. What better way is there than to get rid of the chemicals and clean with all natural products?\r\n\r\nThe Grease Trap:\r\nExtending the time between cleanouts of the trap and drains will save the restaurants several hundred dollars per cleanout. EM•1<sup>®</sup> will digest the majority of the grease and stabilize proteins (something no other product on the market can currently claim.) This will control odors and keep the trap from backing up.  Regular applications of Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> brand products (EM•1<sup>®</sup>) will keep the restaurant pest and grease free, leaving the restaurant owner with a secure feeling, knowing there will be no grease trap overflows or health department problems.\r\n\r\nThe Hood, Behind, and Underneath The Line:\r\nThere are a couple of easy ways to apply a solution of EM•1<sup>®</sup> to these areas during breakdown. One is to use a pump sprayer and spray in a fine mist each time you breakdown or cleaning. Another way is to use a spray bottle and spray the solution directly on the surface at the end of each shift. Within a short time, the grease will be eaten off the wall and you will only need to polish the surface.  A Great Time Saver!\r\n\r\nGeneral Cleaning During Breakdown\r\nTo increase the benefits of the EM•1<sup>®</sup> applications, it is recommended to use Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> (EM•1<sup>®</sup>) in place of any synthetic soaps, degreasers, and cleaners.  You can combine it with soap for added grease digestion. Simply mix them in your wash bucket during cleaning in equal amounts.\r\n\r\nUsing EM•1<sup>®</sup> during the nightly wash down (breakdown) on the line and the firewall behind is a great fire preventer. The EM•1<sup>®</sup> eats the grease on the walls, the stoves, and the hood and gets rid of the fire hazard by eating the grease.\r\n\r\nMopping The Floor (Tile, Stone, and Wood):\r\nAdd some EM•1<sup>®</sup> to the mop bucket get rid that haze of grease. This will be great because it will prevent the slick slipping hazard that is almost impossible to get rid of with normal cleaners.\r\n\r\nCarpets:\r\nUse a sprayer and spray a solution of EM•1<sup>®</sup> and a small amount of detergent onto the carpet after each dining time. Since carpets harbor odors, this will help to stop the odor, build up of grease, and stop matting of the carpet fibers. This will leave the room smelling and looking fresh every day.\r\n\r\nOdor (Smoke, Food, Grease, etc):\r\nRegular use of EM•1<sup>®</sup> inside the restaurant will stop odors in the sewer or septic lines that hover around the manholes that your walk by on their way into your restaurant.\r\n\r\nSpraying the dining area (the front of the house) with a mixture of Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> (EM•1<sup>®</sup>) and water will keep grease down on the carpeted areas and eat any odors from dirt, spilled alcohol, and smoke.\r\n\r\nAll the mats should be hosed down with a solution of EM•1<sup>®</sup> during normal cleaning as well. This will not only keep odors from coming out of the mats, but will also eat the grease on the makes, keeping them from being so slippery.\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> can be put into an evaporative cooler or in Smoke-Eater<sup>®</sup> filters to get rid of the smells in the air. EM•1<sup>®</sup> in air conditioner and \"swamp cooler\" keeps the components and filters clean and running efficiently. This can be done by using a simple siphon unit connected to a container of EM•1<sup>®</sup>.\r\n\r\nCleaning the bathrooms with an Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> (EM•1<sup>®</sup>) solution will get rid of all smells of urine and drain back gassing.\r\nThe recommended dilution rates for typical food service establishment and industry applications are as follows:\r\n<table>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Dilution Rate</td>\r\n<td>Purpose</td>\r\n<td>Quantity</td>\r\n<td>Application</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:20</td>\r\n<td>Odors &amp; Tobacco Smoke</td>\r\n<td>Slightly Moist</td>\r\n<td>Daily</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td></td>\r\n<td>Dumpsters</td>\r\n<td>Wet</td>\r\n<td>As Needed</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:10</td>\r\n<td>Garbage Disposal</td>\r\n<td></td>\r\n<td>2-3 times per week</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:10</td>\r\n<td>Kitchen Floor Drains</td>\r\n<td></td>\r\n<td>2-3 times per week</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td></td>\r\n<td>Food Waste Container</td>\r\n<td>Final Rinse</td>\r\n<td></td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:100</td>\r\n<td>Carpets &amp; Mats</td>\r\n<td>Slightly Moist</td>\r\n<td>1-2 times per week</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>1:20</td>\r\n<td>Kitchen Sinks, Dishwashers and all non-food prep areas</td>\r\n<td>Appropriate Amounts</td>\r\n<td>Daily</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Bathroom Fixtures/Floors</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Final Rinse/Mopping</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Each Cleaning</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Urinals</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1-2 ounces per drain</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Daily at closing</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Metal Stall Base*</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Wet Spray</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Each Cleaning</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1:64</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">Floors</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">1/2-3/4 Cup per bucket</td>\r\n<td colspan=\"1\">**Hot Water Final Mop</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\n*Stops rusting of metal surfaces by eliminating free radicals and oxidation.\r\n\r\n**{EM•1<sup>®</sup>: Vinegar: Hot Water} Each night use mild non-antibacterial soap and 5% acid white vinegar to eliminate the grease film on the floor. For tougher application use 1:1:50.', 'Restaurants', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1866-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1866, 'http://jagjuice.us/1866-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2591, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div>Pre-soak seeds before sowing with diluted EM•1<sup>®</sup>. Soak time depends on the size of the seeds. The dilution is 1 part EM•1<sup>®</sup> to 1,000 parts water.</div>\r\n<div>\r\n</div>\r\n<table border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Seed Size</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Example</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Time to Soak</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Small Seeds</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Mustard</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">20-30 minutes</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Medium Seeds</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Cucumber</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">30-60 minutes</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Large Seeds</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">Pumpkin</p>\r\n</td>\r\n<td valign=\"bottom\">\r\n<p align=\"center\">2-3 hours</p>\r\n</td>\r\n</tr>\r\n</tbody>\r\n</table>\r\nTransplants:\r\n\r\nMake a solution of 1 part EM•1<sup>®</sup> to 1,000 parts water.  Prior to planting, dip plug in solution and plant.', 'Seed Treatments', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1827-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1827, 'http://jagjuice.us/1827-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
INSERT INTO `wp_posts` (`ID`, `post_author`, `post_date`, `post_date_gmt`, `post_content`, `post_title`, `post_excerpt`, `post_status`, `comment_status`, `ping_status`, `post_password`, `post_name`, `to_ping`, `pinged`, `post_modified`, `post_modified_gmt`, `post_content_filtered`, `post_parent`, `guid`, `menu_order`, `post_type`, `post_mime_type`, `comment_count`) VALUES
(2592, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '<h2>Button</h2>\n[button size=\"small\" style=\"info\" color=\"red\" bg_color=\"#ffffff\" border=\"#999999\"]button1[/button] [button style=\"tick\" color=\"green\" bg_color=\"#6c6ccc\" border=\"#260826\"]Button 2[/button] [button size=\"large\" style=\"download\" color=\"aqua\" text=\"dark\"]Button 3[/button] [button size=\"xl\" style=\"note\" color=\"teal\" bg_color=\"#4d414d\"]Button 4[/button]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Icon Link</h2>\n[ilink url=\"#\" style=\"note\" title=\"AttTitle\"]Iconlink1[/ilink] [ilink url=\"#\" style=\"download\" title=\"AttTitle\"]Iconlink2[/ilink] [ilink url=\"#\" style=\"info\" title=\"AttTitle\"]Iconlink3[/ilink] [ilink url=\"#\" style=\"tick\" title=\"AttTitle\"]Iconlink3[/ilink]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Info Box</h2>\n[box type=\"info\" style=\"rounded\"]Vivamus felis leo, bibendum vel hendrerit ut, elementum nec mauris. Aenean gravida molestie sapien, et convallis nulla posuere ut. Cras et felis id sem aliquet pulvinar. Quisque id lacus eu ipsum tristique facilisis. Phasellus luctus rhoncus cursus.[/box]\n\n[box type=\"tick\" size=\"large\" border=\"full\"]Vivamus felis leo, bibendum vel hendrerit ut, elementum nec mauris. Aenean gravida molestie sapien, et convallis nulla posuere ut. Cras et felis id sem aliquet pulvinar. Quisque id lacus eu ipsum tristique facilisis. Phasellus luctus rhoncus cursus.[/box]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Typography</h2>\n[dropcap]D[/dropcap]ropcap Typography. Maecenas mollis erat ut eros porttitor a faucibus sem vehicula. Duis rhoncus laoreet vehicula. Ut et elit sodales urna egestas tristique. In ut dolor at enim vulputate rhoncus ac vel justo. Nulla ut eros est. Sed laoreet purus eget felis interdum convallis non sed mauris.\n\n[quote style=\"boxed\"]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.[/quote]\n\n[quote]It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.[/quote]\n\n[highlight]<strong>Lorem Ipsum</strong> is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. [/highlight]\n\n[typography font=\"Droid Sans Mono\" size=\"20\" size_format=\"px\" color=\"#f00000\"]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. [/typography]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Content Toggle</h2>\n[toggle title_open=\"Close Me\" title_closed=\"Open Me\" hide=\"yes\" border=\"yes\" excerpt_length=\"25\" read_more_text=\"Read More\" read_less_text=\"Read Less\" include_excerpt_html=\"no\"]Vivamus felis leo, bibendum vel hendrerit ut, elementum nec mauris. Aenean gravida molestie sapien, et convallis nulla posuere ut. Cras et felis id sem aliquet pulvinar. Quisque id lacus eu ipsum tristique facilisis. Phasellus luctus rhoncus cursus.[/toggle]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Contact Form</h2>\n[contact_form email=\"demo@colorlabsproject.com\" subject=\"Subject\"]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Two Column</h2>\n[twocol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.[/twocol_one]\n\n[twocol_one_last]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.[/twocol_one_last]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Three Column</h2>\n[threecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/threecol_one]\n\n[threecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/threecol_one]\n\n[threecol_one_last]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/threecol_one_last]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Four Column</h2>\n[fourcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fourcol_one]\n\n[fourcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fourcol_one]\n\n[fourcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fourcol_one]\n\n[fourcol_one_last]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fourcol_one_last]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Five Column</h2>\n[fivecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fivecol_one]\n\n[fivecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fivecol_one]\n\n[fivecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fivecol_one]\n\n[fivecol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fivecol_one]\n\n[fivecol_one_last]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry\'s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged. It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum. [/fivecol_one_last]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Six Column</h2>\n[sixcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.[/sixcol_one] [sixcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.[/sixcol_one] [sixcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.[/sixcol_one] [sixcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. [/sixcol_one] [sixcol_one]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.[/sixcol_one] [sixcol_one_last]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry.[/sixcol_one_last]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>Tab Layout</h2>\n[tabs style=\"boxed\" title=\"\"] [tab title=\"Tab 1 Title\"]Lorem Ipsum is simply dummy text of the printing and typesetting industry. Lorem Ipsum has been the industry’s standard dummy text ever since the 1500s, when an unknown printer took a galley of type and scrambled it to make a type specimen book. It has survived not only five centuries, but also the leap into electronic typesetting, remaining essentially unchanged.[/tab] [tab title=\"Tab 2 Title\"]It was popularised in the 1960s with the release of Letraset sheets containing Lorem Ipsum passages, and more recently with desktop publishing software like Aldus PageMaker including versions of Lorem Ipsum.[/tab] [/tabs]\n\n[hr]\n<h2>List Generator</h2>\n[unordered_list style=\"red-x\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[unordered_list style=\"tick\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[unordered_list style=\"bullet\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[unordered_list style=\"green-dot\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[unordered_list style=\"arrow\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[unordered_list style=\"star\"]\n<ul>\n	<li>Place your list items here</li>\n</ul>\n[/unordered_list]\n\n[hr]\n<h2> Social Button</h2>\n[social_icon title=\"Facebook\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"facebook\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"Twitter\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"twitter\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"RSS\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"rss\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"Flickr\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"flickr\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"googleplus\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"googleplus\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"Linkedin\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"linkedin\"]\n\n[social_icon title=\"Delicious\" url=\"#\" float=\"left\" profile_type=\"delicious\"]\n\n[hr]\n<h2> Social Share</h2>\n\n[twitter_follow username=\"colorlabs\" language=\"en\" width=\"50\"]<br />\n\n[google_plusone size=\"standard\" annotation=\"bubble\" language=\"English (UK)\" width=\"30\"]\n\n[fbshare type=\"button\" float=\"left\" width=\"50\"]\n\n[twitter style=\"horizontal\" source=\"colorlabs\" float=\"left\" use_post_url=\"true\" width=\"30\"]\n\n[fblike style=\"button_count\" float=\"left\" showfaces=\"false\" width=\"75\" verb=\"like\" font=\"arial\"]\n\n[digg float=\"left\" style=\"compact\"]\n\n[linkedin_share style=\"right\"]\n\n&nbsp;\n\n[hr]', 'Shortcodes', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1975-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1975, 'http://jagjuice.us/1975-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2593, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nWhen irrigating a garden with EM•1<sup>®</sup> moisten the top 3-4 inches of soil to ensure that the EM•1<sup>®</sup>penetrates into the rhizosphere (root zone), or apply after rain.\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> soil treatments should be more frequent during your first couple of years of use to ensure the populations of beneficial microbes in EM•1<sup>®</sup> are established. Over time, EM•1<sup>®</sup> will improve soil structure, moisture retention, and nutrient cycling allowing EM•1<sup>®</sup> application frequency to be reduced.  Applications are not soil specific or plant specific.  However, in sandy soils that tend to not hold moisture, the addition of organic matter is crucial to success with any product.  Follow some of the instructions for <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Effective-Microorganisms-Composting-Solutions-s/105.htm\" target=\"_self\">making bokashi or compost with EM•1<sup>®</sup></a> in addition to a regular EM•1<sup>®</sup> program.\r\n\r\nBased on years of experience we have learned that the optimum application rate for average soils in most climates is equal to a rate of 40 gallons per acre per year for the first one to two years. The will result in an average household with a 1/2 acre of yard buying 1 gallon of EM•1<sup>®</sup> per year and activating it into 22 gallons of <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated-EM-1-s/261.htm\" target=\"_self\">Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup></a> for use on all landscaping and gardening areas, including vegetable gardens, flower gardens, and lawns.  You may wish to have a soil analysis before using EM•1<sup>®</sup>. Soils that have higher levels of organic matter and have not been treated with conventional synthetic fertilizers will require significantly less EM•1<sup>®</sup> than soils with low organic matter and those that have been treated with synthetic fertilizers, are compacted, and have had high incidences of diseases in the past.\r\n\r\nFor best results, incorporate EM•1<sup>®</sup> with lots of organic matter, getting the organic matter percentage up to 3% or higher.  Combine EM•1<sup>®</sup> with organic (carbon-based) materials such as humates, plant wastes, and/or animal manures on a regular basis.  Also practicing minimum tillage will help maintain that organic matter.', 'Soil Treatment', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1780-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1780, 'http://jagjuice.us/1780-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2594, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>® </sup>can control odor and increase compaction rates. The beneficial microbes in the EM•1<sup>®</sup> will stop pathogenic microbial growth (as has been laboratory tested) and set the growing conditions for other beneficial microbes in the landfill which will increase the decomposition of the organic matter in the landfill. At this ratio, the methanogen groups of microbes will not be able to grow and methane gas will not be produced.\r\n\r\nIn a 5,000-gallon water truck, add 100 gallons of Effective Microorganisms™ EM•1<sup>®</sup>. Daily cover made of organic material can be mixed with EM•1<sup>®</sup> at a rate of 1.5 gallons per ton of material.\r\n\r\nEffective Microorganisms™ can be applied through bioreactors as well. The application ratio will be 1 part EM•1<sup>®</sup> to 1,000 gallons of water.', 'Solid Waste', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1885-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1885, 'http://jagjuice.us/1885-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2595, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nEffective Microorganisms® Solutions for Household and Business – Dr. Higa\'s Original Authentic and Certified\r\nWelcome to our Solutions section.  Here you will find application information for some of the most common uses of EM Technology® products.  Select a word for an application you are looking to work on and you\'ll find simple to use guidelines.\r\n\r\nHealthy Living (Chemical Sensitivities, Water Conditioning)\r\n\r\nHousehold (Deodorizing, Septic Tanks, Indoor Plants)\r\n\r\nGarden (Compost, Bokashi, Flowers, Lawn &amp; Grass, Soil Treatment, Trees &amp; Shrubs, Vegetables, Ponds)\r\n\r\nAgriculture (Crops &amp; Soils, Seed Treatments, Field Crops, Orchards/Vineyards, Foliar Feeding, Greenhouses, Turf &amp; Golf Courses, Compost Teas, Aquaculture, Hydroponics)\r\n\r\nLivestock (Zoos, Odor Control:  Horses, Dairy, Poultry, Swine), Lagoons)\r\n\r\nEnvironment (Building Maintenance, Oceans &amp; Waterways, Biosolids, Bioremediation, Septic Systems, Fats Oils &amp; Grease, Disaster/Accident Site Cleanup, Wastewater, Ponds, Corrosion Control, Solid Waste, Odor Control)\r\n\r\nWe are adding to this section regularly.  Please come back from time to time to see what we\'ve added. Please don\'t hesitate to contact us if you\'d like to share a successful application, or if you need suggestions on a particular application that we have not listed.', 'Solutions', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1731-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1731, 'http://jagjuice.us/1731-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2596, 3, '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMisting/Fogging:\r\n<div>\r\n\r\n</div>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>If your facility has a misting/fogging system in place for cooling, Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> can be added into the water at a ratio of 1 part AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per 1,000 gallons of water. For best results, run the solution on a timer that cycles for 10 seconds every hour when the building is open (summer) and 10 seconds every 30 minutes when the building is closed (winter).</li>\r\n	<li>Prior to running the AEM•1<sup>®</sup>, flush the lines to clean out any gunk as nozzles may plug.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Microbial Inoculant is a concentrate that can be used directly from the container or multiplied in volume through a fermentation process we call \"activation\". Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> application rates are the same as will EM•1<sup>®</sup> as there is no difference in efficacy. However, once EM•1<sup>®</sup> is activated, there is a dramatic reduction in shelf life of the product. (It should be used up within 30-45 days after the drop in pH for optimal microbial activity.)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Swine', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1859-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:35:31', '2013-09-16 18:35:31', '', 1859, 'http://jagjuice.us/1859-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2597, 3, '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nApply <a title=\"Activated EM•1®\" href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1</a><sup>®</sup> (AEM•1<sup>®</sup>) at the rate of 1 gallon per acre per week year round through irrigation systems.\r\n\r\nTips for a success with AEM•1<sup>®</sup>\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>For greens, apply the AEM•1<sup>®</sup> with a hose-end sprayer, backpack sprayer and dilute one ounce per gallon of water (1:128).  For fairways, inject AEM•1<sup>®</sup> into the irrigation system at a rate of 1 gallon per acre per week for a total of 40 gallons per acre per year.  It is best to apply AEM•1<sup>®</sup> once a week for maintaining optimal turf quality and health.</li>\r\n	<li>EM•1<sup>®</sup> does not provide many plant nutrients.  Therefore fertilizers are needed. If using liquid fertilizers, AEM•1<sup>®</sup> can be added after fertilizers are diluted with water. Store fertilizers in separate tanks than the Activated EM•1 and inject into irrigation lines using a Mazzie<sup>®</sup> injector or a dosage pump.</li>\r\n	<li>Use a \"mulching mower\" to chop and redeposit the grass clippings. Spray EM•1<sup>®</sup> onto the turf after mowing. This enables the clippings to rapidly breakdown into stable organic matter for the soil. Organic matter particles provides a home for EM•1<sup>®</sup> to establish in the soil.</li>\r\n	<li>If soils are real compacted, salty, or showing signs of severe compaction, it may be necessary to inject the Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> with additional products such as a wetting agent and liquid humate.  The wetting agent will help with penetration and the humate will add much needed organic matter that will help with opening up the soil and chelation of salts.</li>\r\n</ol>', 'Turf & Golf Courses', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1829-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '', 1829, 'http://jagjuice.us/1829-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2598, 3, '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nAdd in videos', 'Videos', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1740-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '', 1740, 'http://jagjuice.us/1740-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2599, 3, '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2>Wastewater Solutions with EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment</h2>\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment is applied at various stages in the treatment process for optimum results.  The application site and dosage amounts are dependent on the type of treatment system, the age of the system, and the goals of the operation.  Application rates can vary from 1: 1000 to 1: 40,000.  The average rate into a treatment system is around 1: 10,000 (based on daily flow).  The EM•1<sup>®</sup> is activated and injected at various points throughout the collection system on a steady flow.\r\n\r\n<img alt=\"\" src=\"http://www.teraganix.com/v/vspfiles/assets/images/foggingem1.jpg\" width=\"203\" height=\"203\" align=\"left\" border=\"0\" />\r\n<div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n</div>\r\nThe average daily flow is determined. After a site assessment and preliminary data is collected for at least one year that proper amount of product is calculated.  EM•1<sup>®</sup> is injected at a rate of 1:10,000 on a daily basis in the collection system as far away from the plant as possible to increase residence time in the line.\r\n\r\nA siphon/venturi unit can be installed to work on a pressurized trigger or an injection pump can be installed on site. In systems that have high flow rates or excessive sludge levels, the addition of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi can accelerate sludge digestion.\r\n\r\nFor odor control, a fogging system will be installed in lift stations, at the headworks, or other areas of concern.  EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment has a unique ability to stabilize complex proteins through a shift from anaerobic putrefaction cycles to a fermentative cycle.  Hair and plastics can play havoc with the balancing of an anaerobic digester by creating over-thickening of the scum layer.  Hair is primarily composed of complex proteins, which have been historically difficult to stabilize to a point at which the biological breakdown will occur in a timely manner.  EM•1<sup>®</sup>Waste Treatment will assist by accelerating protein stabilization. The microbes in EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment secrete beneficial substances such as organic acids, enzymes and antioxidants (chelated minerals and vitamins) when in contact with organic matter. In wastewater applications, EM•1<sup>®</sup> assists in shifting conditions from putrefactive to non-putrefactive.  This unique ability enables EM•1<sup>®</sup> to transition the wastewater collection system into a pretreatment system, thereby lowering the loading demand on wastewater treatment plants.  Consistent applications of EM Technology<sup>®</sup> into the collection system will increase the capacity of the treatment plant, decrease the operation costs, and improve the efficiency of the entire system.  Take a look at our case study conducted at <a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/category-s/1003.htm\" target=\"_self\">Meridian, Texas</a> over a three-week period.', 'Wastewater', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1873-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:36:40', '2013-09-16 18:36:40', '', 1873, 'http://jagjuice.us/1873-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2600, 3, '2013-09-16 11:37:01', '2013-09-16 18:37:01', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES, CHANGE ANY IMAGES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_s/261.htm\">Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup></a> (AEM•1<sup>®</sup>) is loaded with antioxidants which help prevent rust and other corrosion on equipment, eliminate odors, and clean water. Using it regularly in animal exhibits will keep the equipment clean and odor and rust-free.  Zoos can benefit from various application points with AEM•1<sup>®</sup>.  Here are a few quick tips:\r\n\r\nAnimal Exhibits Odor Control\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Cages: 2 ounces AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water. Spray minimum of 3 times per week.</li>\r\n	<li>Water Clarity in Tanks/Aquariums: 1 part of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per 10,000 parts water as a monthly maintenance.</li>\r\n	<li>Manure: Gather manure and bring to area to compost (see landscaping section).&nbsp;</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nEating Establishments\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Food wastes: Ferment using EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi and pickling in airtight containers for 2 weeks. The materials can then be added to worm bins, fed to animals, added to compost piles, or buried in the ground.</li>\r\n	<li>Kitchens: Mix a 50/50 solution of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> and non-antibacterial soap. This solution can be mixed in water for washing counters, floors, walls, windows, refrigeration units, stoves, and carpets. Dump solution down drain to add more microbes to the system.</li>\r\n	<li>Grease traps: Pour product down a common drain at a rate of 1 quart AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per 1,000 gallons holding capacity per week.</li>\r\n	<li>Septic systems: Pour product down a common drain at a rate of 1 quart AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per 1,000 gallons holding capacity per week.</li>\r\n	<li>Drains: Treat by pouring ¼ cup AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per main drain 2-3 times per week to eliminate back odors and keep drains flowing without backups.&nbsp;</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nLandscaping &amp; Operations\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Plantings: Inject AEM•1<sup>®</sup> into irrigation system at a rate of 5 gallons per acre. This can be done 4-8 times a year depending on climate.</li>\r\n	<li>Manures and Compost: As loading manure into compost pile, spray with a 4-ounce/gallon mixture of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> and water. Mound and cover with a tarp. Turn pile once per week for 4-6 weeks. There should be no ammonia or sulfur smells. As weeds sprout, turn them in. Pile should be ready to use as mulch in 6 weeks. Or, the materials can be buried (be sure to cover with 8 or more inches of soil to keep weeds from sprouting) in trenches after 4 weeks.</li>\r\n	<li>Water Features: 32oz AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per 10,000 gallons of water per week to keep water clear and odor-free.&nbsp;</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nVeterinary Clinic\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Clinic: Spray down floors and cages, wash counters and tables, windows, etc., with a solution of 1-3 ounces AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water. Mop floors with ½ cup AEM•1<sup>®</sup> in mop water.</li>\r\n	<li>Litter: Use a 50/50 mix of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi and litter or 100% EM•1<sup>®</sup> Bokashi for litter. If 100%, the litter can be used as a mulch and fertilizer for ornamental plantings by landscaping department.&nbsp;</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nBuilding Maintenance\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>Restrooms:  AEM•1<sup>®</sup> can be used to keep all bathrooms clean and odor-free. Mix ½ cup in mop bucket water for washing floors, stalls, tiled surfaces, windows and mirrors.</li>\r\n	<li>General Purpose Cleaning: Mix a 50/50 solution of AEM•1<sup>®</sup>and non-antibacterial soap. This solution can be mixed in water for washing counters, floors, walls, windows, and carpets.</li>\r\n	<li>Indoor Plants:  Use ¼ oz of AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water to wash plants. Use 1 teaspoon AEM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water to water plants.</li>\r\n</ul>', 'Zoos', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '1855-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 11:37:01', '2013-09-16 18:37:01', '', 1855, 'http://jagjuice.us/1855-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2619, 3, '2012-05-09 11:39:47', '2012-05-09 18:39:47', 'What if it\'s not just our genes or our lifestyle, exactly, that makes us skinny or fat, healthy or sick? What if it\'s also the makeup of the bacterial ecosystem that inhabits our gut?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"270\"]<img class=\"   \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"National Institutes of Health\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/05/09/gutmicrobe_vert-04ec68013df08026c7e4339dccc785d860051da0-s3-c85.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"364\" /> The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a beautiful example of a gut microbe.[/caption]\r\n\r\nA growing pile of scientific studies is pointing us in that direction. Researchers in this hot new field describe the microbes in our gut as a vital organ that\'s as essential as our liver or kidneys. They\'re finding that this organ, which they call the \"microbiome,\" varies greatly from person to person.\r\n\r\nSome microbial communities are better than others at <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/PublicationPDFs/369_TurnbaughNature06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">extracting or producing</a> important nutrients, for instance. Also, this internal ecology is altered by the food that we eat, causing <a href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=backseat-drivers\" target=\"_blank\">much excitement</a> in the diet world.\r\n\r\nBut what constitutes a microbiome that\'s good for us, and how might you get one? So far, the researchers can\'t say.\r\n\r\nThe of these studies was published this week by the journal Nature. It compares the gut microbes of people who live in three very different parts of the world: The United States, the small African country of Malawi, and a remote Amazonian part of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nThe researchers, led by <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/\">Jeffery Gordon</a> at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, found some <a href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/05/09/three-nations-divided-by-common-gut-bacteria/\">similarities</a> across cultures and lifestyles. For instance, in each population, the makeup of the gut microbes changes dramatically as children grow older, whether they live in Amazonia or Philadelphia. In all three places, adults possess a more diverse collection of microbes than children.\r\n\r\nBut Gordon and his colleagues also found some intriguing differences, especially between people in the United States and those of the two other research sites. He found adults in the U.S. have a rather uniform collection of microbes living in them, compared to people in rural Malawi or the Amazon forests of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nGordon can only speculate about the reasons why — it could be because the U.S. uses more antibiotics, or perhaps because people in Malawi and Amazonia are exposed to more microbe-rich environments.\r\n\r\nGordon found some evidence that the microbiome of the gut may help a body out when there\'s a shortage of particular nutrients. Babies growing up in Malawi and in Venezuelan Amazonia both tended to have more microbes that can help to synthesize vitamin B2.\r\n\r\nAs Gordon puts it, \"it is tempting to speculate\" that these microbes may be helping to compensate for a lack of this vitamin in the babies\' diets.\r\n\r\nThese babies also had higher levels of microbes that are able to break down urea and use it to make essential amino acids. \"This could be beneficial when protein isn\'t available in the diet,\" Gordon tells The Salt.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - May 09, 2012 - Dan Charles - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/05/09/152336747/what-our-gut-microbes-say-about-us\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'draft', 'open', 'open', '', 'what-our-gut-microbes-say-about-us', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:11:34', '2014-03-14 22:11:34', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2619', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2620, 3, '2013-09-16 12:02:48', '2013-09-16 19:02:48', '', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2619-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 12:02:48', '2013-09-16 19:02:48', '', 2619, 'http://jagjuice.us/2619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2621, 3, '2013-09-16 12:17:48', '2013-09-16 19:17:48', 'What if it\'s not just our genes or our lifestyle, exactly, that makes us skinny or fat, healthy or sick? What if it\'s also the makeup of the bacterial ecosystem that inhabits our gut?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"270\"]<img class=\"   \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"National Institutes of Health\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/05/09/gutmicrobe_vert-04ec68013df08026c7e4339dccc785d860051da0-s3-c85.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"364\" /> The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a beautiful example of a gut microbe.[/caption]\r\n\r\nA growing pile of is pointing us in that direction. Researchers in this hot new field describe the microbes in our gut as a vital organ that\'s as essential as our liver or kidneys. They\'re finding that this organ, which they call the \"microbiome,\" varies greatly from person to person.\r\n\r\nSome microbial communities are better than others at important nutrients, for instance. Also, this internal ecology is altered by the food that we eat, causing in the diet world.\r\n\r\nBut what constitutes a microbiome that\'s good for us, and how might you get one? So far, the researchers can\'t say.\r\n\r\nThe of these studies was published this week by the journal Nature. It compares the gut microbes of people who live in three very different parts of the world: The United States, the small African country of Malawi, and a remote Amazonian part of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nThe researchers, led by at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, found some across cultures and lifestyles. For instance, in each population, the makeup of the gut microbes changes dramatically as children grow older, whether they live in Amazonia or Philadelphia. In all three places, adults possess a more diverse collection of microbes than children.\r\n\r\nBut Gordon and his colleagues also found some intriguing differences, especially between people in the United States and those of the two other research sites. He found adults in the U.S. have a rather uniform collection of microbes living in them, compared to people in rural Malawi or the Amazon forests of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nGordon can only speculate about the reasons why — it could be because the U.S. uses more antibiotics, or perhaps because people in Malawi and Amazonia are exposed to more microbe-rich environments.\r\n\r\nGordon found some evidence that the microbiome of the gut may help a body out when there\'s a shortage of particular nutrients. Babies growing up in Malawi and in Venezuelan Amazonia both tended to have more microbes that can help to synthesize vitamin B2.\r\n\r\nAs Gordon puts it, \"it is tempting to speculate\" that these microbes may be helping to compensate for a lack of this vitamin in the babies\' diets.\r\n\r\nThese babies also had higher levels of microbes that are able to break down urea and use it to make essential amino acids. \"This could be beneficial when protein isn\'t available in the diet,\" Gordon tells The Salt.', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2619-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 12:17:48', '2013-09-16 19:17:48', '', 2619, 'http://jagjuice.us/2619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2623, 3, '2013-09-16 14:21:28', '2013-09-16 21:21:28', '', 'Microbiome has 360 genes to our 1', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', 'microbiome_wide_360to1', '', '', '2013-09-16 14:21:28', '2013-09-16 21:21:28', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microbiome_wide_360to1.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2625, 3, '2012-06-13 14:40:21', '2012-06-13 21:40:21', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27549115\">unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria</a>, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2631 alignleft\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 6px;\" alt=\"Microbiome\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a> of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/medicine/labs/blaserlab/\">Martin Blaser</a> of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said <a href=\"http://genome.wustl.edu/people/individual/george-weinstock/\">George Weinstock</a> of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'draft', 'open', 'open', '', 'map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:11:24', '2014-03-14 22:11:24', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2625', 0, 'post', '', 0);
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(2626, 3, '2013-09-16 14:40:21', '2013-09-16 21:40:21', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\nResearchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'open', 'open', '', '2625-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 14:40:21', '2013-09-16 21:40:21', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2629, 3, '2013-09-16 15:03:28', '2013-09-16 22:03:28', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microbiome_wide_360to1.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2623 alignleft\" alt=\"Microbiome has 360 genes to our 1\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/microbiome_wide_360to1-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2625-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 15:03:28', '2013-09-16 22:03:28', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2630, 3, '2013-09-16 17:12:29', '2013-09-17 00:12:29', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27549115\">unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria</a>, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\n\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2631 alignleft\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 6px;\" alt=\"Microbiome\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\n\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\n\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a> of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\n\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\n\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\n\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\n\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\n\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/medicine/labs/blaserlab/\">Martin Blaser</a> of New York University.\n\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\n\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\n\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\n\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\n\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\n\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\n\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\n\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said George Weinstock of Washington University in St. Louis.\n\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\n\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\n\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\n\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\n\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\n\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\n\n&nbsp;\n\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2625-autosave-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:12:29', '2013-09-17 00:12:29', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2631, 3, '2013-09-16 15:05:18', '2013-09-16 22:05:18', '', 'Microbiome', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'microbiome-dribbble-004', '', '', '2013-09-16 15:05:18', '2013-09-16 22:05:18', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2632, 3, '2013-09-16 16:18:06', '2013-09-16 23:18:06', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2631 alignleft\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"Microbiome\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2625-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 16:18:06', '2013-09-16 23:18:06', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2633, 3, '2013-09-16 16:22:26', '2013-09-16 23:22:26', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2631 alignleft\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 6px;\" alt=\"Microbiome\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2625-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 16:22:26', '2013-09-16 23:22:26', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2634, 3, '2013-03-28 16:52:39', '2013-03-28 23:52:39', '[caption id=\"attachment_2635\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/salad.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2635 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"You call it salad. The bacteria call it home.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/salad-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> You call it salad. The bacteria call it home.[/caption]\r\n\r\nDeadly microbes like salmonella and E. coli can lurk on the surface of spinach, lettuce and other fresh foods. But many more benign microbes also flourish there, living lives of quiet obscurity, much like the tiny Whos in Dr. Seuss\' Whoville. Until now.\r\n\r\nScientists at the University of Colorado have taken what may be the first broad inventory of the microbes that live on strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes and eight other popular fresh foods.\r\n\r\nIt turns out the invisible communities living on our food vary greatly, depending on the type and whether it\'s conventional or organic.\r\n\r\nMung bean sprouts, for one, harbor very different bacteria than alfalfa sprouts. Grapes, apples and peaches house a greater variety of bacteria than veggies. And mushrooms are living in a microbial room of their own, sharing very few bacteria with the other foods tested.\r\n\r\nThat\'s quite different from strawberries, tomatoes and spinach. They had similar surface bacteria, with most coming from one family, the Enterobacteriaceae. That family includes E. coli but many, many other harmless and perhaps beneficial bacteria, too. Enterobacteriaceae was also the most common family, accounting for about one-third of all the microbes overall.\r\n\r\nThe good news: Most of the bacterial horde is benign.\r\n\r\nStill, the sprouts \"had a pretty high number of different types of bacteria associated with them, especially alfalfa sprouts,\" according to <a href=\"http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/EEBprojects/FiererLab/Photopage.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jonathan Leff</a>, an associate scientist at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado, who led the study.\r\n\r\nDangerous bacteria on sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks, including one in Germany that killed at least 31 people.\r\n\r\nOrganic-labeled produce had different microbial communities than the conventionally grown food, with the organic microbes generally more diverse and the conventionally grown having more Enterobacteriaceae.\r\n\r\nIs that good? We don\'t know. And we also don\'t know why they\'re different. \"We can\'t say that this is attributable to the farming practice itself,\" Leff told The Salt. \"It could be transport and storage.\"\r\n\r\nAlso on the don\'t-know list is how the differences in fruit and vegetable microbiomes affect human health. \"We can\'t say how we should act in terms of our daily purchases or how we eat,\" Leff says.\r\n\r\nBut understanding the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\" target=\"_blank\">microbiomes</a> of fruits and vegetables, he says, may ultimately make it possible to figure out ways to delay spoilage in fresh produce, or to learn how the food bacteria interact with each other and with the millions of <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body/\" target=\"_blank\">bacteria in the human gut</a>.\r\n\r\nThe researchers <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059310\" target=\"_blank\">published their results</a> in the online journal <em>PLoS One</em>.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - March 28, 2013 - Nancy Shute - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/27/175478950/mapping-the-microbes-that-flourish-on-fruits-and-veggies\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>', 'Mapping The Microbes That Flourish On Fruits And Veggies', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'mapping-the-microbes-that-flourish-on-fruits-and-veggies', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:11:03', '2014-03-14 22:11:03', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2634', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2635, 3, '2013-09-16 16:44:09', '2013-09-16 23:44:09', '', 'Salad', 'You call it salad. The bacteria call it home.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'salad', '', '', '2013-09-16 16:44:09', '2013-09-16 23:44:09', '', 2634, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/salad.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2636, 3, '2013-09-16 16:52:39', '2013-09-16 23:52:39', '[caption id=\"attachment_2635\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/salad.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2635 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"You call it salad. The bacteria call it home.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/salad-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> You call it salad. The bacteria call it home.[/caption]\r\n\r\nDeadly microbes like salmonella and E. coli can lurk on the surface of spinach, lettuce and other fresh foods. But many more benign microbes also flourish there, living lives of quiet obscurity, much like the tiny Whos in Dr. Seuss\' Whoville. Until now.\r\n\r\nScientists at the University of Colorado have taken what may be the first broad inventory of the microbes that live on strawberries, lettuce, tomatoes and eight other popular fresh foods.\r\n\r\nIt turns out the invisible communities living on our food vary greatly, depending on the type and whether it\'s conventional or organic.\r\n\r\nMung bean sprouts, for one, harbor very different bacteria than alfalfa sprouts. Grapes, apples and peaches house a greater variety of bacteria than veggies. And mushrooms are living in a microbial room of their own, sharing very few bacteria with the other foods tested.\r\n\r\nThat\'s quite different from strawberries, tomatoes and spinach. They had similar surface bacteria, with most coming from one family, the Enterobacteriaceae. That family includes E. coli but many, many other harmless and perhaps beneficial bacteria, too. Enterobacteriaceae was also the most common family, accounting for about one-third of all the microbes overall.\r\n\r\nThe good news: Most of the bacterial horde is benign.\r\n\r\nStill, the sprouts \"had a pretty high number of different types of bacteria associated with them, especially alfalfa sprouts,\" according to <a href=\"http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/EEBprojects/FiererLab/Photopage.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Jonathan Leff</a>, an associate scientist at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado, who led the study.\r\n\r\nDangerous bacteria on sprouts have caused numerous outbreaks, including one in Germany that killed at least 31 people.\r\n\r\nOrganic-labeled produce had different microbial communities than the conventionally grown food, with the organic microbes generally more diverse and the conventionally grown having more Enterobacteriaceae.\r\n\r\nIs that good? We don\'t know. And we also don\'t know why they\'re different. \"We can\'t say that this is attributable to the farming practice itself,\" Leff told The Salt. \"It could be transport and storage.\"\r\n\r\nAlso on the don\'t-know list is how the differences in fruit and vegetable microbiomes affect human health. \"We can\'t say how we should act in terms of our daily purchases or how we eat,\" Leff says.\r\n\r\nBut understanding the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\" target=\"_blank\">microbiomes</a> of fruits and vegetables, he says, may ultimately make it possible to figure out ways to delay spoilage in fresh produce, or to learn how the food bacteria interact with each other and with the millions of <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body/\" target=\"_blank\">bacteria in the human gut</a>.\r\n\r\nThe researchers <a href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059310\" target=\"_blank\">published their results</a> in the online journal <em>PLoS One</em>.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - March 28, 2013 - Nancy Shute - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/03/27/175478950/mapping-the-microbes-that-flourish-on-fruits-and-veggies\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>', 'Mapping The Microbes That Flourish On Fruits And Veggies', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2634-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 16:52:39', '2013-09-16 23:52:39', '', 2634, 'http://jagjuice.us/2634-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2637, 3, '2013-09-16 17:05:57', '2013-09-17 00:05:57', 'What if it\'s not just our genes or our lifestyle, exactly, that makes us skinny or fat, healthy or sick? What if it\'s also the makeup of the bacterial ecosystem that inhabits our gut?\n\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"270\"]<img class=\"   \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"National Institutes of Health\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/05/09/gutmicrobe_vert-04ec68013df08026c7e4339dccc785d860051da0-s3-c85.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"364\" /> The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a beautiful example of a gut microbe.[/caption]\n\nA growing pile of scientific studies is pointing us in that direction. Researchers in this hot new field describe the microbes in our gut as a vital organ that\'s as essential as our liver or kidneys. They\'re finding that this organ, which they call the \"microbiome,\" varies greatly from person to person.\n\nSome microbial communities are better than others at <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/PublicationPDFs/369_TurnbaughNature06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">extracting or producing</a> important nutrients, for instance. Also, this internal ecology is altered by the food that we eat, causing <a href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=backseat-drivers\" target=\"_blank\">much excitement</a> in the diet world.\n\nBut what constitutes a microbiome that\'s good for us, and how might you get one? So far, the researchers can\'t say.\n\nThe of these studies was published this week by the journal Nature. It compares the gut microbes of people who live in three very different parts of the world: The United States, the small African country of Malawi, and a remote Amazonian part of Venezuela.\n\nThe researchers, led by <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/\">Jeffery Gordon</a> at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, found some similarities across cultures and lifestyles. For instance, in each population, the makeup of the gut microbes changes dramatically as children grow older, whether they live in Amazonia or Philadelphia. In all three places, adults possess a more diverse collection of microbes than children.\n\nBut Gordon and his colleagues also found some intriguing differences, especially between people in the United States and those of the two other research sites. He found adults in the U.S. have a rather uniform collection of microbes living in them, compared to people in rural Malawi or the Amazon forests of Venezuela.\n\nGordon can only speculate about the reasons why — it could be because the U.S. uses more antibiotics, or perhaps because people in Malawi and Amazonia are exposed to more microbe-rich environments.\n\nGordon found some evidence that the microbiome of the gut may help a body out when there\'s a shortage of particular nutrients. Babies growing up in Malawi and in Venezuelan Amazonia both tended to have more microbes that can help to synthesize vitamin B2.\n\nAs Gordon puts it, \"it is tempting to speculate\" that these microbes may be helping to compensate for a lack of this vitamin in the babies\' diets.\n\nThese babies also had higher levels of microbes that are able to break down urea and use it to make essential amino acids. \"This could be beneficial when protein isn\'t available in the diet,\" Gordon tells The Salt.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nNPR - May 09, 2012 - Dan Charles - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/05/09/152336747/what-our-gut-microbes-say-about-us\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2619-autosave-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:05:57', '2013-09-17 00:05:57', '', 2619, 'http://jagjuice.us/2619-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2638, 3, '2013-09-16 17:02:26', '2013-09-17 00:02:26', 'What if it\'s not just our genes or our lifestyle, exactly, that makes us skinny or fat, healthy or sick? What if it\'s also the makeup of the bacterial ecosystem that inhabits our gut?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"270\"]<img class=\"   \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"National Institutes of Health\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/05/09/gutmicrobe_vert-04ec68013df08026c7e4339dccc785d860051da0-s3-c85.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"364\" /> The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a beautiful example of a gut microbe.[/caption]\r\n\r\nA growing pile of scientific studies is pointing us in that direction. Researchers in this hot new field describe the microbes in our gut as a vital organ that\'s as essential as our liver or kidneys. They\'re finding that this organ, which they call the \"microbiome,\" varies greatly from person to person.\r\n\r\nSome microbial communities are better than others at <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/PublicationPDFs/369_TurnbaughNature06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">extracting or producing</a> important nutrients, for instance. Also, this internal ecology is altered by the food that we eat, causing <a href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=backseat-drivers\" target=\"_blank\">much excitement</a> in the diet world.\r\n\r\nBut what constitutes a microbiome that\'s good for us, and how might you get one? So far, the researchers can\'t say.\r\n\r\nThe of these studies was published this week by the journal Nature. It compares the gut microbes of people who live in three very different parts of the world: The United States, the small African country of Malawi, and a remote Amazonian part of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nThe researchers, led by at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, found some across cultures and lifestyles. For instance, in each population, the makeup of the gut microbes changes dramatically as children grow older, whether they live in Amazonia or Philadelphia. In all three places, adults possess a more diverse collection of microbes than children.\r\n\r\nBut Gordon and his colleagues also found some intriguing differences, especially between people in the United States and those of the two other research sites. He found adults in the U.S. have a rather uniform collection of microbes living in them, compared to people in rural Malawi or the Amazon forests of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nGordon can only speculate about the reasons why — it could be because the U.S. uses more antibiotics, or perhaps because people in Malawi and Amazonia are exposed to more microbe-rich environments.\r\n\r\nGordon found some evidence that the microbiome of the gut may help a body out when there\'s a shortage of particular nutrients. Babies growing up in Malawi and in Venezuelan Amazonia both tended to have more microbes that can help to synthesize vitamin B2.\r\n\r\nAs Gordon puts it, \"it is tempting to speculate\" that these microbes may be helping to compensate for a lack of this vitamin in the babies\' diets.\r\n\r\nThese babies also had higher levels of microbes that are able to break down urea and use it to make essential amino acids. \"This could be beneficial when protein isn\'t available in the diet,\" Gordon tells The Salt.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - May 09, 2012 - Dan Charles - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/05/09/152336747/what-our-gut-microbes-say-about-us\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2619-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:02:26', '2013-09-17 00:02:26', '', 2619, 'http://jagjuice.us/2619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2639, 3, '2013-09-16 17:06:26', '2013-09-17 00:06:26', 'What if it\'s not just our genes or our lifestyle, exactly, that makes us skinny or fat, healthy or sick? What if it\'s also the makeup of the bacterial ecosystem that inhabits our gut?\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"270\"]<img class=\"   \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 3px;\" alt=\"National Institutes of Health\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2012/05/09/gutmicrobe_vert-04ec68013df08026c7e4339dccc785d860051da0-s3-c85.jpg\" width=\"270\" height=\"364\" /> The bacterium Enterococcus faecalis is a beautiful example of a gut microbe.[/caption]\r\n\r\nA growing pile of scientific studies is pointing us in that direction. Researchers in this hot new field describe the microbes in our gut as a vital organ that\'s as essential as our liver or kidneys. They\'re finding that this organ, which they call the \"microbiome,\" varies greatly from person to person.\r\n\r\nSome microbial communities are better than others at <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/PublicationPDFs/369_TurnbaughNature06.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">extracting or producing</a> important nutrients, for instance. Also, this internal ecology is altered by the food that we eat, causing <a href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=backseat-drivers\" target=\"_blank\">much excitement</a> in the diet world.\r\n\r\nBut what constitutes a microbiome that\'s good for us, and how might you get one? So far, the researchers can\'t say.\r\n\r\nThe of these studies was published this week by the journal Nature. It compares the gut microbes of people who live in three very different parts of the world: The United States, the small African country of Malawi, and a remote Amazonian part of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nThe researchers, led by <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/\">Jeffery Gordon</a> at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, found some <a href=\"http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/notrocketscience/2012/05/09/three-nations-divided-by-common-gut-bacteria/\">similarities</a> across cultures and lifestyles. For instance, in each population, the makeup of the gut microbes changes dramatically as children grow older, whether they live in Amazonia or Philadelphia. In all three places, adults possess a more diverse collection of microbes than children.\r\n\r\nBut Gordon and his colleagues also found some intriguing differences, especially between people in the United States and those of the two other research sites. He found adults in the U.S. have a rather uniform collection of microbes living in them, compared to people in rural Malawi or the Amazon forests of Venezuela.\r\n\r\nGordon can only speculate about the reasons why — it could be because the U.S. uses more antibiotics, or perhaps because people in Malawi and Amazonia are exposed to more microbe-rich environments.\r\n\r\nGordon found some evidence that the microbiome of the gut may help a body out when there\'s a shortage of particular nutrients. Babies growing up in Malawi and in Venezuelan Amazonia both tended to have more microbes that can help to synthesize vitamin B2.\r\n\r\nAs Gordon puts it, \"it is tempting to speculate\" that these microbes may be helping to compensate for a lack of this vitamin in the babies\' diets.\r\n\r\nThese babies also had higher levels of microbes that are able to break down urea and use it to make essential amino acids. \"This could be beneficial when protein isn\'t available in the diet,\" Gordon tells The Salt.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - May 09, 2012 - Dan Charles - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/05/09/152336747/what-our-gut-microbes-say-about-us\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'What Our Gut Microbes Say About Us', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2619-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:06:26', '2013-09-17 00:06:26', '', 2619, 'http://jagjuice.us/2619-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
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(2640, 3, '2013-09-16 17:13:18', '2013-09-17 00:13:18', 'Scientists Wednesday, June 12, 2012, <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27549115\">unveiled the first catalog of the bacteria</a>, viruses and other microorganisms that populate every nook and cranny of the human body.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2631 alignleft\" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 6px;\" alt=\"Microbiome\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbiome-dribbble-004-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a>Researchers hope the advance marks an important step towards understanding how microbes help make humans human.\r\n\r\nThe human body contains about 100 trillion cells, but only maybe one in 10 of those cells is actually — human. The rest are from bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms.\r\n\r\n\"The human we see in the mirror is made up of more microbes than human,\" said <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a> of the National Institutes of Health, who\'s leading the Human Microbiome Project.\r\n\r\n\"The definition of a human microbiome is all the microbial microbes that live in and on our bodies but also all the genes — all the metabolic capabilities they bring to supporting human health,\" she said.\r\n\r\nThese microbes aren\'t just along for the ride. They\'re there for a reason. We have a symbiotic relationship with them — we give them a place to live, and they help keep us alive.\r\n\r\n\"They belong in and on our bodies; they help support our health; they help digest our food and provide many kinds of protective mechanisms for human health,\" Protor said.\r\n\r\nMicrobes extract vitamins and other nutrients we need to survive, teach our immune systems how to recognize dangerous invaders and even produce helpful anti-inflammatory compounds and chemicals that fight off other bugs that could make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"These microbes are part of our evolution. As far as we can tell, they are very important in human health and probably very important in human disease as well,\" said <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/medicine/labs/blaserlab/\">Martin Blaser</a> of New York University.\r\n\r\nThese bugs generally don\'t make us sick. But when we disrupt the delicate ecosystems they carefully construct in different parts of our bodies, scientists think that can make us sick.\r\n\r\n\"There can be a disturbance in the immune system. There can become some kind of imbalance. And then you can get a microorganism which, under normal circumstances, lives in a benign way and can become a disease-bearing organism,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nTaking too many antibiotics, our obsession with cleanliness and even maybe the increase in babies being delivered by Caesarean section may disrupt the normal microbiome, she said.\r\n\r\nSo the idea behind the micobiome project was to get the first map of what a normal, healthy microbiome looks like.\r\n\r\nMore than 200 scientists spent five years analyzing samples from more than 200 healthy adults. The samples came from 18 different places on their bodies, including their mouths, noses, guts, behind each ear and inside each elbow.\r\n\r\n\"This is the only study to date anywhere in the world where peoples\' microbiomes across a human body were sampled and analyzed. Here was an effort to really investigate the full landscape, if you will, of the human microbiome across the body,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nScientists identified some 10,000 species of microbes, including many never seen before, according to the first wave of results, which are being published in 16 papers in the journals Nature and PLoS.\r\n\r\n\"This is like going into uncharted territory — going into a forest and finding a new species of butterfly or new type of mammal or something like that — a new kind of bird,\" said <a href=\"http://genome.wustl.edu/people/individual/george-weinstock/\">George Weinstock</a> of Washington University in St. Louis.\r\n\r\nThose 10,000 or so species have more than 8 million genes, which is more than 300 times the number of human genes.\r\n\r\nAnd scientists found some very interesting things when comparing microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"People were very different from each other, but skin was more like skin and gut was more like gut. So the composition of microbes and the kinds of genes that they have are very much habitat-specific,\" Proctor said.\r\n\r\nNow that scientists have an idea of what a healthy microbiome looks like, they can start to explore this super-organism — this complex mishmash of human and microbial cells.\r\n\r\n\"How do they talk to our human cells? And how do human cells talk back to them? Because it\'s really a concert that they\'re playing together, and that\'s what makes us who we are,\" Weinstock said.\r\n\r\nScientists have already discovered some intriguing clues. For example, the microbes in a pregnant woman\'s birth canal start to change just before she gives birth. Scientists think that\'s so their babies are born with just the right microbiome they\'ll need to live long, healthy lives.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 13, 2012 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/06/13/154913334/finally-a-map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Finally, A Map Of All The Microbes On Your Body', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2625-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:13:18', '2013-09-17 00:13:18', '', 2625, 'http://jagjuice.us/2625-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2641, 3, '2013-04-13 17:29:06', '2013-04-14 00:29:06', '[caption id=\"attachment_2642\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/german-shepard.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2642 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Should we say Germ-an shepherd? Mango Doucleff, of Washington, shows off the bacteria living on her tongue, which also flourish on her owner\'s skin.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/german-shepard-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a> Should we say Germ-an shepherd? Mango shows off the bacteria living on her tongue, which also flourish on her owner\'s skin.[/caption]\r\n\r\nWell, it looks like there really is such as thing as a dog person.\r\n\r\nHumans who share their homes with canines also share the similar bacterial houseguests on their skin, <a href=\"http://elife.elifesciences.org/content/2/e00458/article-info\" target=\"_blank\">ecologists reported</a> Tuesday in the journal <em>eLIFE</em>.\r\n\r\nIn fact, two dog owners who don\'t even know each other have about as many of the skin bacteria in common as a married couple living together.\r\n\r\nThe signature doggie blend is a mixture of harmless bacteria from their tongues and paws, the report finds. Microbial sharing from pooch to person occurs primarily through two routes: tongue to skin and paw to skin.\r\n\r\nThat\'s right, dog owners have bacteria from Fido\'s tongue and paws flourishing all over their bodies.\r\n\r\nThere wasn\'t an analogous germ signature for cat owners, the scientists say. Cats are more selfish?\r\n\r\nDogs, cats and people are all coated in microscopic critters. They cover our skin, grow in our mouths and completely dominate parts of the gut. Your body has about 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells and up to a thousand different species.\r\n\r\nCollectively, this microscopic zoo is called the <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body/\" target=\"_blank\">microbiome</a>. And it plays a critical role in human health. It helps to set your metabolism, fine-tune your immune system and even freshen (or sour) your breath.\r\n\r\nTo see how canine cohabitation could alter the species in this zoo, <a href=\"http://chem.colorado.edu/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=263:rob-knight&amp;catid=41:faculty&amp;Itemid=93\" target=\"_blank\">Rob Knight</a> and his team at the <a href=\"http://biofrontiers.colorado.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">BioFrontiers Institute</a> at the University of Colorado, Boulder, characterized the bacteria shacking up with 60 families – 25 of them had at least one dog, including big breeds, like German shepherds, Labrador retrievers and huskies.\r\n\r\nThe scientists took samples from each inhabitant\'s forehead, palms or paws, tongues and poo. They then sequenced the DNA in each sample to determine which species of bacteria were living there.\r\n\r\nHumans living together shared similar bacteria at all three body sites: skin, mouth and gut. But for dogs, it was all about the skin.\r\n\r\nTwo types of pooch bacteria were flourishing on dog owners\' skins: <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=28216\" target=\"_blank\">Betaproteobacteria</a>, a group of critters that hang out on dogs\' tongues, and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=201174&amp;lvl=5&amp;lin\" target=\"_blank\">actinobacteria</a>, which live in soil and like to nestle in the nooks of dogs\' paws.\r\n\r\nThese findings are \"consistent with a common occurrence of oral–skin transfer between dogs and their owners,\" the authors write.\r\n\r\nLooks like, all those slurpy dog kisses really do have a long-lasting effect on your skin\'s ecology.\r\n\r\nCould they also affect your health?\r\n\r\nThis study can\'t say. But we do know that innocuous bacteria on the skin <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6098/1115?ijkey=6c7430aa6c77ad62eb73fa925be21b5778d22eac&amp;keytype2=tf_ipsecsha\" target=\"_blank\">help the immune systems</a> learn the difference between good and bad germs. And allergies can crop up when this ability short circuits.\r\n\r\nRecent have even linked up contact with pets when we\'re young with a decreased risk of allergies and autoimmune disorders later in life.\r\n\r\nNow if you\'ll excuse me, I need to go snuggle up with my very stinky German shepherd.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - April 18, 2013 - Michaeleen Doucleff - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/04/18/177746969/bacteria-on-dog-lovers-skin-reveal-their-affection\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>', 'Bacteria On Dog Lovers\' Skin Reveal Their Affection', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'bacteria-on-dog-lovers-skin-reveal-their-affection', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:51', '2014-03-14 22:10:51', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2641', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2642, 3, '2013-09-16 17:16:45', '2013-09-17 00:16:45', '', 'German Shepard', 'Should we say Germ-an shepherd? Mango Doucleff, of Washington, shows off the bacteria living on her tongue, which also flourish on her owner\'s skin.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'german-shepard', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:16:45', '2013-09-17 00:16:45', '', 2641, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/german-shepard.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2643, 3, '2013-09-16 17:29:06', '2013-09-17 00:29:06', '[caption id=\"attachment_2642\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/german-shepard.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2642 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Should we say Germ-an shepherd? Mango Doucleff, of Washington, shows off the bacteria living on her tongue, which also flourish on her owner\'s skin.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/german-shepard-300x225.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" /></a> Should we say Germ-an shepherd? Mango shows off the bacteria living on her tongue, which also flourish on her owner\'s skin.[/caption]\r\n\r\nWell, it looks like there really is such as thing as a dog person.\r\n\r\nHumans who share their homes with canines also share the similar bacterial houseguests on their skin, <a href=\"http://elife.elifesciences.org/content/2/e00458/article-info\" target=\"_blank\">ecologists reported</a> Tuesday in the journal <em>eLIFE</em>.\r\n\r\nIn fact, two dog owners who don\'t even know each other have about as many of the skin bacteria in common as a married couple living together.\r\n\r\nThe signature doggie blend is a mixture of harmless bacteria from their tongues and paws, the report finds. Microbial sharing from pooch to person occurs primarily through two routes: tongue to skin and paw to skin.\r\n\r\nThat\'s right, dog owners have bacteria from Fido\'s tongue and paws flourishing all over their bodies.\r\n\r\nThere wasn\'t an analogous germ signature for cat owners, the scientists say. Cats are more selfish?\r\n\r\nDogs, cats and people are all coated in microscopic critters. They cover our skin, grow in our mouths and completely dominate parts of the gut. Your body has about 10 times more bacterial cells than human cells and up to a thousand different species.\r\n\r\nCollectively, this microscopic zoo is called the <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/map-of-all-the-microbes-on-your-body/\" target=\"_blank\">microbiome</a>. And it plays a critical role in human health. It helps to set your metabolism, fine-tune your immune system and even freshen (or sour) your breath.\r\n\r\nTo see how canine cohabitation could alter the species in this zoo, <a href=\"http://chem.colorado.edu/index.php?option=com_content&amp;view=article&amp;id=263:rob-knight&amp;catid=41:faculty&amp;Itemid=93\" target=\"_blank\">Rob Knight</a> and his team at the <a href=\"http://biofrontiers.colorado.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">BioFrontiers Institute</a> at the University of Colorado, Boulder, characterized the bacteria shacking up with 60 families – 25 of them had at least one dog, including big breeds, like German shepherds, Labrador retrievers and huskies.\r\n\r\nThe scientists took samples from each inhabitant\'s forehead, palms or paws, tongues and poo. They then sequenced the DNA in each sample to determine which species of bacteria were living there.\r\n\r\nHumans living together shared similar bacteria at all three body sites: skin, mouth and gut. But for dogs, it was all about the skin.\r\n\r\nTwo types of pooch bacteria were flourishing on dog owners\' skins: <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?id=28216\" target=\"_blank\">Betaproteobacteria</a>, a group of critters that hang out on dogs\' tongues, and <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Undef&amp;id=201174&amp;lvl=5&amp;lin\" target=\"_blank\">actinobacteria</a>, which live in soil and like to nestle in the nooks of dogs\' paws.\r\n\r\nThese findings are \"consistent with a common occurrence of oral–skin transfer between dogs and their owners,\" the authors write.\r\n\r\nLooks like, all those slurpy dog kisses really do have a long-lasting effect on your skin\'s ecology.\r\n\r\nCould they also affect your health?\r\n\r\nThis study can\'t say. But we do know that innocuous bacteria on the skin <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/337/6098/1115?ijkey=6c7430aa6c77ad62eb73fa925be21b5778d22eac&amp;keytype2=tf_ipsecsha\" target=\"_blank\">help the immune systems</a> learn the difference between good and bad germs. And allergies can crop up when this ability short circuits.\r\n\r\nRecent have even linked up contact with pets when we\'re young with a decreased risk of allergies and autoimmune disorders later in life.\r\n\r\nNow if you\'ll excuse me, I need to go snuggle up with my very stinky German shepherd.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - April 18, 2013 - Michaeleen Doucleff - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/04/18/177746969/bacteria-on-dog-lovers-skin-reveal-their-affection\" target=\"_blank\">Audio link</a>', 'Bacteria On Dog Lovers\' Skin Reveal Their Affection', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2641-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:29:06', '2013-09-17 00:29:06', '', 2641, 'http://jagjuice.us/2641-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2644, 3, '2013-05-06 17:32:08', '2013-05-07 00:32:08', '[caption id=\"attachment_2645\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/pacifier1.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2645 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Sucking may be one of the most beneficial ways to clean a baby\'s dirty pacifier, a study found.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/pacifier1-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Sucking may be one of the most beneficial ways to clean a baby\'s dirty pacifier, a study found.[/caption]\r\n\r\nThat word \"microbiome\" — describing the collection of bacteria that live in and on our bodies — keeps popping up. This time, researchers say that children whose parents clean their pacifiers by sucking them might be less likely to develop allergic conditions because of how their parents\' saliva changes their microbiomes.\r\n\r\nThat\'s the word from a <a href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/6/e1829\">small study of 184 Swedish babies</a> published in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Pediatrics</em>. The researchers found that the 65 babies whose mother or father sucked on their pacifiers to cleanse them were significantly less likely to get eczema and asthma, two conditions caused by allergic reactions, than babies whose parents did not use the cleaning technique.\r\n\r\n\"This is a really interesting and intriguing observation,\" says of the Johns Hopkins Children\'s Center, who was not involved in the research.\r\n\r\nThe findings add credence to a growing body of evidence that suggests that exposure, or the lack of exposure, to microbes early in life can affect a child\'s health by influencing his or her microbiome.\r\n\r\n\"There\'s recently been an explosion of interest in the microbiome and how it might influence many things — but in particular someone\'s propensity to develop an allergic disease,\" Matsui says.\r\n\r\nTo investigate the role of pacifier cleaning, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and his colleagues analyzed data they had collected for a broader study about babies\' allergies. Among the questions the parents had answered was what they did when their child\'s pacifier fell out of his or her mouth.\r\n\r\n\"We asked them how they cleaned the pacifier — if they rinsed them in water — and of course most of them did,\" Hesselmar says. But a lot of the parents did something else.\r\n\r\n\"They put it in their mouth, sucked on it and then gave it back to the children,\" Hesselmar says. \"It\'s a quite common way to clean pacifier.\"\r\n\r\nWhen the researchers checked to see if there were any differences between the kids whose parents sucked their pacifiers clean and those who didn\'t, they found there was. Those whose parents sucked the pacifiers clean were significantly less likely to have developed eczema at 18 and 36 months and less likely to have developed asthma at 18 months, the researchers say.\r\n\r\n\"Eczema is the best disease to choose [as a marker] if you want to see if a young child is becoming allergic,\" Hesselmar says.\r\n\r\nScientists think that when parents suck their child\'s pacifier clean, they transfer some of the harmless bacteria in their mouths to their child, Hesselmar says. In fact, the researchers found evidence supporting that when they analyzed the saliva of the babies in the study.\r\n\r\n\"We think that these bacteria ... stimulate the immune system,\" Hesselmar says. And that teaches it how to do its job properly, which includes not overreacting to things like peanuts, pollen and cats, he says.\r\n\r\nThe study adds to a growing body of evidence that lots of kids these days may be growing up essentially , Matsui says.\r\n\r\n\"We are much less likely to be exposed to organisms in water — parasites, for example — so the idea is there is much less for the immune system to fight off. So it starts reacting to things that perhaps it should be ignoring,\" Matsui says.\r\n\r\nAmanda Sauer, 35, of Washington, D.C., uses a pacifier when her 2-year-old son, Leo, gets fussy. When it falls to the ground she often washes it off.\r\n\r\nSauer\'s not sure the new research will make her start licking Leo\'s dirty pacifier.\r\n\r\n\"Probably not,\" she says. \"But it\'s more for just the fact that I don\'t really want to put a pacifier in my mouth. But sometimes the dog cleans it off for us, so maybe that\'s just as good.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - May 6, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/06/180817114/parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link </a>', 'Parents\' Saliva On Pacifiers Could Ward Off Baby\'s Allergies', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:41', '2014-03-14 22:10:41', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2644', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2645, 3, '2013-09-16 17:35:06', '2013-09-17 00:35:06', '', 'Pacifier', 'Sucking may be one of the most beneficial ways to clean a baby\'s dirty pacifier, a study found.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'pacifier1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:35:06', '2013-09-17 00:35:06', '', 2644, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/pacifier1.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2646, 3, '2013-09-16 17:39:55', '2013-09-17 00:39:55', '[caption id=\"attachment_2645\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/pacifier1.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2645 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Sucking may be one of the most beneficial ways to clean a baby\'s dirty pacifier, a study found.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/pacifier1-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Sucking may be one of the most beneficial ways to clean a baby\'s dirty pacifier, a study found.[/caption]\r\n\r\nThat word \"microbiome\" — describing the collection of bacteria that live in and on our bodies — keeps popping up. This time, researchers say that children whose parents clean their pacifiers by sucking them might be less likely to develop allergic conditions because of how their parents\' saliva changes their microbiomes.\r\n\r\nThat\'s the word from a <a href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/131/6/e1829\">small study of 184 Swedish babies</a> published in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Pediatrics</em>. The researchers found that the 65 babies whose mother or father sucked on their pacifiers to cleanse them were significantly less likely to get eczema and asthma, two conditions caused by allergic reactions, than babies whose parents did not use the cleaning technique.\r\n\r\n\"This is a really interesting and intriguing observation,\" says of the Johns Hopkins Children\'s Center, who was not involved in the research.\r\n\r\nThe findings add credence to a growing body of evidence that suggests that exposure, or the lack of exposure, to microbes early in life can affect a child\'s health by influencing his or her microbiome.\r\n\r\n\"There\'s recently been an explosion of interest in the microbiome and how it might influence many things — but in particular someone\'s propensity to develop an allergic disease,\" Matsui says.\r\n\r\nTo investigate the role of pacifier cleaning, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden and his colleagues analyzed data they had collected for a broader study about babies\' allergies. Among the questions the parents had answered was what they did when their child\'s pacifier fell out of his or her mouth.\r\n\r\n\"We asked them how they cleaned the pacifier — if they rinsed them in water — and of course most of them did,\" Hesselmar says. But a lot of the parents did something else.\r\n\r\n\"They put it in their mouth, sucked on it and then gave it back to the children,\" Hesselmar says. \"It\'s a quite common way to clean pacifier.\"\r\n\r\nWhen the researchers checked to see if there were any differences between the kids whose parents sucked their pacifiers clean and those who didn\'t, they found there was. Those whose parents sucked the pacifiers clean were significantly less likely to have developed eczema at 18 and 36 months and less likely to have developed asthma at 18 months, the researchers say.\r\n\r\n\"Eczema is the best disease to choose [as a marker] if you want to see if a young child is becoming allergic,\" Hesselmar says.\r\n\r\nScientists think that when parents suck their child\'s pacifier clean, they transfer some of the harmless bacteria in their mouths to their child, Hesselmar says. In fact, the researchers found evidence supporting that when they analyzed the saliva of the babies in the study.\r\n\r\n\"We think that these bacteria ... stimulate the immune system,\" Hesselmar says. And that teaches it how to do its job properly, which includes not overreacting to things like peanuts, pollen and cats, he says.\r\n\r\nThe study adds to a growing body of evidence that lots of kids these days may be growing up essentially , Matsui says.\r\n\r\n\"We are much less likely to be exposed to organisms in water — parasites, for example — so the idea is there is much less for the immune system to fight off. So it starts reacting to things that perhaps it should be ignoring,\" Matsui says.\r\n\r\nAmanda Sauer, 35, of Washington, D.C., uses a pacifier when her 2-year-old son, Leo, gets fussy. When it falls to the ground she often washes it off.\r\n\r\nSauer\'s not sure the new research will make her start licking Leo\'s dirty pacifier.\r\n\r\n\"Probably not,\" she says. \"But it\'s more for just the fact that I don\'t really want to put a pacifier in my mouth. But sometimes the dog cleans it off for us, so maybe that\'s just as good.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - May 6, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/06/180817114/parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link </a>', 'Parents\' Saliva On Pacifiers Could Ward Off Baby\'s Allergies', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2644-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:39:55', '2013-09-17 00:39:55', '', 2644, 'http://jagjuice.us/2644-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2647, 3, '2013-06-18 17:45:29', '2013-06-19 00:45:29', '[caption id=\"attachment_2648\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/c_diff.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2648 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Bad bug: The bacterium Clostridium difficile kills 14,000 people in the United States each year.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/c_diff-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Bad bug: The bacterium Clostridium difficile kills 14,000 people in the United States each year.[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFederal regulators are dropping plans to tightly control a procedure that is becoming increasingly popular for treating people stricken by life-threatening infections of the digestive system.\r\n\r\nThe Food and Drug Administration says the agency will exercise enforcement discretion and no longer require doctors to get the agency\'s approval before using \"fecal microbiota for transplantation.\"\r\n\r\nThe procedure is being used to treat people suffering from infection with the <a href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cdiff/cdiff_infect.html\">bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>, or C. diff.</a> These infections cause inflammation of the colon and severe, sometimes life-threatening diarrhea. They can be extremely difficult to treat and are becoming more common. About 14,000 Americans die from C. diff every year, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\r\n\r\nIn response, doctors have begun performing fecal transplants. The procedure involves flushing out an infected person\'s intestines and colon, much like the preparation for a colonoscopy.\r\n\r\nDoctors then infuse colonies of microbes from the diluted stool of a healthy person. Evidence has been mounting that the procedure can be highly effective, with some patients almost immediately recovering after being critically ill. In a <a href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1205037\">study published</a> earlier this year in the <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>, 81 percent of people with a C. diff infection recovered after one fecal infusion.\r\n\r\nThe FDA has become increasingly concerned about the procedure, however. Some doctors are advertising it for unproven purposes. And the agency worries that the transplants could expose patients to risks including infections if not performed properly.\r\n\r\nThe agency held a on fecal transplants in May, and said it would require doctors who perform the procedure to apply to the agency for approval in the same way they need approval to use any experimental procedure. But that prompted protests from some doctors, who said the process was too complicated and time consuming, especially for patients who are critically ill. Some said they would stop offering the procedure.\r\n\r\nBut in a <a href=\"http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Vaccines/ucm361379.htm\">new statement</a>, the agency now says it \"acknowledges these concerns and intends to exercise enforcement discretion\" regarding the procedure, which is the FDA\'s way of saying it won\'t go after doctors offering it.\r\n\r\nThe American College of Gastroenterology praised the move, <a href=\"http://gi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ACG_Statement_FDA_Decison_FMT_Vender_061813.pdf\">saying in a statement</a> that it will help \"assure that patients in need of this extremely promising therapy for an intractable public health problem have unimpeded access to treatment as recommended by their physicians.\"\r\n\r\nBut the FDA warns that fecal transplants be used only on patients with C. diff who have not responded to any other therapy, and only after doctors make sure the patient understands the approach is \"investigational\" and has \"potential risks.\"\r\n\r\nThe agency says it still plans to develop \"appropriate policies for the study and use\" of fecal transplants, and provide further \"guidance reflecting the agency\'s intention to exercise enforcement discretion.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 18, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/06/18/193069110/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants\">Audio Link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'FDA Backs Off On Regulation Of Fecal Transplants', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:33', '2014-03-14 22:10:33', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2647', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2648, 3, '2013-09-16 17:46:25', '2013-09-17 00:46:25', '', 'Clostridium difficile aka C diff', 'Bad bug: The bacterium Clostridium difficile kills 14,000 people in the United States each year.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'c_diff', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:46:25', '2013-09-17 00:46:25', '', 2647, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/c_diff.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2649, 3, '2013-09-16 17:53:51', '2013-09-17 00:53:51', '[caption id=\"attachment_2648\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/c_diff.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2648 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Bad bug: The bacterium Clostridium difficile kills 14,000 people in the United States each year.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/c_diff-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Bad bug: The bacterium Clostridium difficile kills 14,000 people in the United States each year.[/caption]\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nFederal regulators are dropping plans to tightly control a procedure that is becoming increasingly popular for treating people stricken by life-threatening infections of the digestive system.\r\n\r\nThe Food and Drug Administration says the agency will exercise enforcement discretion and no longer require doctors to get the agency\'s approval before using \"fecal microbiota for transplantation.\"\r\n\r\nThe procedure is being used to treat people suffering from infection with the <a href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hai/organisms/cdiff/cdiff_infect.html\">bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>, or C. diff.</a> These infections cause inflammation of the colon and severe, sometimes life-threatening diarrhea. They can be extremely difficult to treat and are becoming more common. About 14,000 Americans die from C. diff every year, according to the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\r\n\r\nIn response, doctors have begun performing fecal transplants. The procedure involves flushing out an infected person\'s intestines and colon, much like the preparation for a colonoscopy.\r\n\r\nDoctors then infuse colonies of microbes from the diluted stool of a healthy person. Evidence has been mounting that the procedure can be highly effective, with some patients almost immediately recovering after being critically ill. In a <a href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1205037\">study published</a> earlier this year in the <em>New England Journal of Medicine</em>, 81 percent of people with a C. diff infection recovered after one fecal infusion.\r\n\r\nThe FDA has become increasingly concerned about the procedure, however. Some doctors are advertising it for unproven purposes. And the agency worries that the transplants could expose patients to risks including infections if not performed properly.\r\n\r\nThe agency held a on fecal transplants in May, and said it would require doctors who perform the procedure to apply to the agency for approval in the same way they need approval to use any experimental procedure. But that prompted protests from some doctors, who said the process was too complicated and time consuming, especially for patients who are critically ill. Some said they would stop offering the procedure.\r\n\r\nBut in a <a href=\"http://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/Vaccines/ucm361379.htm\">new statement</a>, the agency now says it \"acknowledges these concerns and intends to exercise enforcement discretion\" regarding the procedure, which is the FDA\'s way of saying it won\'t go after doctors offering it.\r\n\r\nThe American College of Gastroenterology praised the move, <a href=\"http://gi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/ACG_Statement_FDA_Decison_FMT_Vender_061813.pdf\">saying in a statement</a> that it will help \"assure that patients in need of this extremely promising therapy for an intractable public health problem have unimpeded access to treatment as recommended by their physicians.\"\r\n\r\nBut the FDA warns that fecal transplants be used only on patients with C. diff who have not responded to any other therapy, and only after doctors make sure the patient understands the approach is \"investigational\" and has \"potential risks.\"\r\n\r\nThe agency says it still plans to develop \"appropriate policies for the study and use\" of fecal transplants, and provide further \"guidance reflecting the agency\'s intention to exercise enforcement discretion.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - June 18, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/06/18/193069110/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants\">Audio Link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'FDA Backs Off On Regulation Of Fecal Transplants', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2647-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:53:51', '2013-09-17 00:53:51', '', 2647, 'http://jagjuice.us/2647-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2650, 3, '2013-07-04 17:54:42', '2013-07-05 00:54:42', '[caption id=\"attachment_2651\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Streptococcus_bacteria.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2651 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Streptococcus bacteria, like this strain, can be found in our guts.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Streptococcus_bacteria-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Streptococcus bacteria, like this strain, can be found in our guts.[/caption]\r\n\r\nMost of the microbes in our guts appear to remain stable for years, perhaps even most of our lives, researchers reported Thursday.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of the bacteria in the digestive systems of 37 healthy women over a period of about five years found, for the most part, little variation over time, says molecular biologist <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/JIGCV.html\">Jeffrey Gordon</a> of the Washington University School of Medicine, who led the research. As decades-long internal companions, Gordon says, many microbes \"are in a position to shape our lives, to promote our health or, in certain circumstances, contribute to risk for disease.\"\r\n\r\nScientists have known for a long time that we all carry around bacteria that help us digest our food. But they apparently do lots of other things for us too.\r\n\r\n\"These are cells that are important parts of ourselves,\" Gordon says. \"And they contribute to our health.\"\r\n\r\nThere\'s always been one big question about the microbes, he says: \"Once these communities are formed, how long do they endure? What is the stability in healthy individuals?\"\r\n\r\nTo try to get a sense of that, Gordon and his colleagues developed a new type of \"gut check\": a genetic analysis Gordon calls \"a bar code of life.\" The technique involves repeatedly analyzing all the variations in a particular bacterial gene. Because each strain of bacteria carries a slightly different form of the gene, the forms act almost like name tags or \"bar codes\" that identify which strains are present.\r\n\r\nThe method is \"a way of classifying organisms represented in an individual\'s gut community in a moment of time and over time,\" Gordon says.\r\n\r\nBeing able to test gut microbes from time to time could eventually prove to be a useful part of a checkup, Gordon says. For example, <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6141/1237439\">in the current study</a>, published in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Science, </em>Gordon and his team found that when several women lost weight, the makeup of their gut bacteria slightly shifted (though the scientists couldn\'t tell which came first — the weight loss, or the bacterial shift).\r\n\r\n\"By looking at someone\'s intestine we could pretty much tell how much weight they had lost or gained without having to put them on a scale,\" says <a href=\"http://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/jeremiah-faith\">Jeremiah Faith</a> of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, who helped conduct the study.\r\n\r\nAnother intriguing finding was that people\'s microbes seem to run in families — much as genes do. The researchers found more similarities in the gut microbes of related women — such as sisters, or a mother and her daughter — than among women who were not related.\r\n\r\n\"For everyone that we checked we were able to identify strains of bacteria that were shared between related individuals, which suggests that [they] had these microbes for a long time because many of these [relatives] lived far apart from each other now,\" Faith says.\r\n\r\nThe finding corroborates earlier work suggesting that our microbial communities tend to form early in life, largely from microbes we get from our mothers and other close relatives when we are young.\r\n\r\n\"In the same way our genome defines who we are, one could say that the microbial populations that inhabit us define who we are,\" says <a href=\"http://www.mskcc.org/research/lab/eric-pamer\">Eric Palmer</a> of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.\r\n\r\nBecause all the women in the study were healthy, the researchers did not examine what happens to our microbes when we do things like take antibiotics or probiotics. Stay tuned for future research.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - July 4, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/09/198372950/gut-bacteria-we-pick-up-as-kids-stick-with-us-for-decades\">Audio Link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Gut Bacteria We Pick Up As Kids Stick With Us For Decades', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'gut-bacteria-we-pick-up-as-kids-stick-with-us-for-decades', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:25', '2014-03-14 22:10:25', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2650', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2651, 3, '2013-09-16 17:56:20', '2013-09-17 00:56:20', '', 'Streptococcus bacteria', 'Streptococcus bacteria, like this strain, can be found in our guts.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'streptococcus_bacteria', '', '', '2013-09-16 17:56:20', '2013-09-17 00:56:20', '', 2650, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Streptococcus_bacteria.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2652, 3, '2013-09-16 18:03:48', '2013-09-17 01:03:48', '[caption id=\"attachment_2651\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Streptococcus_bacteria.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2651 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Streptococcus bacteria, like this strain, can be found in our guts.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Streptococcus_bacteria-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Streptococcus bacteria, like this strain, can be found in our guts.[/caption]\r\n\r\nMost of the microbes in our guts appear to remain stable for years, perhaps even most of our lives, researchers reported Thursday.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of the bacteria in the digestive systems of 37 healthy women over a period of about five years found, for the most part, little variation over time, says molecular biologist <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/JIGCV.html\">Jeffrey Gordon</a> of the Washington University School of Medicine, who led the research. As decades-long internal companions, Gordon says, many microbes \"are in a position to shape our lives, to promote our health or, in certain circumstances, contribute to risk for disease.\"\r\n\r\nScientists have known for a long time that we all carry around bacteria that help us digest our food. But they apparently do lots of other things for us too.\r\n\r\n\"These are cells that are important parts of ourselves,\" Gordon says. \"And they contribute to our health.\"\r\n\r\nThere\'s always been one big question about the microbes, he says: \"Once these communities are formed, how long do they endure? What is the stability in healthy individuals?\"\r\n\r\nTo try to get a sense of that, Gordon and his colleagues developed a new type of \"gut check\": a genetic analysis Gordon calls \"a bar code of life.\" The technique involves repeatedly analyzing all the variations in a particular bacterial gene. Because each strain of bacteria carries a slightly different form of the gene, the forms act almost like name tags or \"bar codes\" that identify which strains are present.\r\n\r\nThe method is \"a way of classifying organisms represented in an individual\'s gut community in a moment of time and over time,\" Gordon says.\r\n\r\nBeing able to test gut microbes from time to time could eventually prove to be a useful part of a checkup, Gordon says. For example, <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6141/1237439\">in the current study</a>, published in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Science, </em>Gordon and his team found that when several women lost weight, the makeup of their gut bacteria slightly shifted (though the scientists couldn\'t tell which came first — the weight loss, or the bacterial shift).\r\n\r\n\"By looking at someone\'s intestine we could pretty much tell how much weight they had lost or gained without having to put them on a scale,\" says <a href=\"http://www.mountsinai.org/profiles/jeremiah-faith\">Jeremiah Faith</a> of Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, who helped conduct the study.\r\n\r\nAnother intriguing finding was that people\'s microbes seem to run in families — much as genes do. The researchers found more similarities in the gut microbes of related women — such as sisters, or a mother and her daughter — than among women who were not related.\r\n\r\n\"For everyone that we checked we were able to identify strains of bacteria that were shared between related individuals, which suggests that [they] had these microbes for a long time because many of these [relatives] lived far apart from each other now,\" Faith says.\r\n\r\nThe finding corroborates earlier work suggesting that our microbial communities tend to form early in life, largely from microbes we get from our mothers and other close relatives when we are young.\r\n\r\n\"In the same way our genome defines who we are, one could say that the microbial populations that inhabit us define who we are,\" says <a href=\"http://www.mskcc.org/research/lab/eric-pamer\">Eric Palmer</a> of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York.\r\n\r\nBecause all the women in the study were healthy, the researchers did not examine what happens to our microbes when we do things like take antibiotics or probiotics. Stay tuned for future research.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - July 4, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/09/198372950/gut-bacteria-we-pick-up-as-kids-stick-with-us-for-decades\">Audio Link</a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;', 'Gut Bacteria We Pick Up As Kids Stick With Us For Decades', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2650-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:03:48', '2013-09-17 01:03:48', '', 2650, 'http://jagjuice.us/2650-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
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(2653, 3, '2013-07-22 18:16:15', '2013-07-23 01:16:15', '[caption id=\"attachment_2654\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2654\" alt=\"It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.[/caption]\r\n\r\nNot so long ago, most people thought that the only good microbe was a dead microbe.\r\n\r\nBut then scientists started to realize that even though some bugs can make us sick and even kill us, most don\'t.\r\n\r\nIn fact, in the past decade attitudes about the bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microbes living all over our bodies has almost completely turned around. Now scientists say that not only are those microbes often not harmful, we can\'t live without them.\r\n\r\n\"The vast majority of them are beneficial and actually essential to health,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a>, program director for the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\">Human Microbiome Project</a> at the National Institutes of Health. The project is identifying microbes on key body parts, including the nose, gut, mouth and skin, in order to get a better sense of the microbes\' role in human health.\r\n\r\nThis sea change began with a pretty simple realization.\r\n\r\n\"When you\'re looking in the mirror, what you\'re really looking at is there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells,\" Proctor says. \"In almost every measure you can think of, we\'re more microbial than human.\"\r\n\r\nThe horde of microbes is so vast that their genes swamp our genes. In fact, 99 percent of the genes contained in and on our bodies are microbial genes.\r\n\r\nScientists are getting a much broader idea of what microbes do for us. We\'ve known for a long time that we depend on bacteria to digest food. But there\'s a growing realization that they\'re really like an 11<sup>th</sup> organ system. Proctor says, \"You know, you have your lungs, you have your heart and, you know, you have your microbiome.\"\r\n\r\nThis week, scientists from NIH and research institutions are gathering in Bethesda, Md., to debate the microbiome\'s role in disease and human health, including obesity, behavior, heart disease and cancer.\r\n\r\nPerhaps one of the most important things the microbiome does it to train the human immune system, starting at birth.\r\n\r\n\"It learns early on which microorganisms are friendly and how to recognize microorganisms that are not so friendly,\" says <a href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/relman.html\">David Relman</a>, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine who studies the relationships between microbes and humans.\r\n\r\nMicrobes influence how much energy we burn and how much fat we store. There is even evidence that the microbes in our guts send signals that can affect our minds. These signals may affect how the human brain develops, and our moods and behavior as adults.\r\n\r\nPeople who live in places like the United States tend to have far less diverse microbiomes than people who live in less developed countries and take fewer antibiotics. That, some scientists think, could be a factor in human diseases.\r\n\r\n\"As organisms are being lost, a lot of diseases have just skyrocketed,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/biosketch/blasem01\">Martin Blaser</a>, who directs the human microbiome program at the NYU Langone Medical Center. He lists diabetes, celiac disease, asthma, food allergies, obesity and developmental disorders like autism as health problems that have become more common.\r\n\r\nBut many researchers caution that we\'re still a long way from knowing if the microbiome is involved in any of those diseases and conditions.\r\n\r\n\"Yes, the microbiome is important,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/people/jaeisen\">Jonathan Eisen</a>, a professor who studies genes, microbes and evolution at the University of California, Davis. \"Yes, the microbiome differs between all sorts of health and disease states. But no, we don\'t know that the microbiome causes these health or disease states.\"\r\n\r\nEven more important, Eisen says: we don\'t know how to fix a microbiome, even if we knew what was wrong with it.\r\n\r\nStill, some doctors have already started performing microbe transplants. <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants/\">Fecal transplants</a> have been used to cure people with life-threatening infections with the bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>. The patient\'s ailing gut bacteria is replaced with new colonies donated by a healthy person.\r\n\r\nGetting good bacteria to drive out bad is also the idea behind probiotics, which are widely marketed as health supplements. But it\'s <a href=\"#\">still unclear</a> which of those microbes are helpful, and for whom. The same goes for <a href=\"#\">prebiotics</a>, which serve as food for microbes.\r\n\r\nThis expanding view of the microbiome is changing how some people think about humans — not as individual entities but as what philosopher <a href=\"http://web.gc.cuny.edu/philosophy/faculty/rhodes.htm\">Rosamond Rhodes</a> calls a \"supraorganism.\"\r\n\r\n\"We\'re not just us by ourselves but a combination of us and them,\" Rhodes says. \"And that makes us very much more a part of our environment as opposed to something freestanding and separate from our environment. Those are very radical changes in the way we see self-identity.\"\r\n\r\nRhodes, who is also a bioethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, says some people might find this idea shocking or gross. \"But I think it\'s going to slowly seep into our culture and understanding of ourselves and change our understanding and consequently our behavior in important ways.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - July 22, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/203659797/staying-healthy-may-mean-learning-to-love-our-microbiomes\">Audio Link</a>', 'Staying Healthy May Mean Learning To Love Our Microbiomes', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'staying-healthy-may-mean-learning-to-love-our-microbiomes', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:07', '2014-03-14 22:10:07', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2653', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2654, 3, '2013-09-16 18:05:39', '2013-09-17 01:05:39', 'It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.', 'Gut Bacteria', 'It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'gut-bacteria', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:05:39', '2013-09-17 01:05:39', '', 2653, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2655, 3, '2013-09-16 18:16:15', '2013-09-17 01:16:15', '[caption id=\"attachment_2654\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2654\" alt=\"It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.[/caption]\r\n\r\nNot so long ago, most people thought that the only good microbe was a dead microbe.\r\n\r\nBut then scientists started to realize that even though some bugs can make us sick and even kill us, most don\'t.\r\n\r\nIn fact, in the past decade attitudes about the bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microbes living all over our bodies has almost completely turned around. Now scientists say that not only are those microbes often not harmful, we can\'t live without them.\r\n\r\n\"The vast majority of them are beneficial and actually essential to health,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a>, program director for the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\">Human Microbiome Project</a> at the National Institutes of Health. The project is identifying microbes on key body parts, including the nose, gut, mouth and skin, in order to get a better sense of the microbes\' role in human health.\r\n\r\nThis sea change began with a pretty simple realization.\r\n\r\n\"When you\'re looking in the mirror, what you\'re really looking at is there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells,\" Proctor says. \"In almost every measure you can think of, we\'re more microbial than human.\"\r\n\r\nThe horde of microbes is so vast that their genes swamp our genes. In fact, 99 percent of the genes contained in and on our bodies are microbial genes.\r\n\r\nScientists are getting a much broader idea of what microbes do for us. We\'ve known for a long time that we depend on bacteria to digest food. But there\'s a growing realization that they\'re really like an 11<sup>th</sup> organ system. Proctor says, \"You know, you have your lungs, you have your heart and, you know, you have your microbiome.\"\r\n\r\nThis week, scientists from NIH and research institutions are gathering in Bethesda, Md., to debate the microbiome\'s role in disease and human health, including obesity, behavior, heart disease and cancer.\r\n\r\nPerhaps one of the most important things the microbiome does it to train the human immune system, starting at birth.\r\n\r\n\"It learns early on which microorganisms are friendly and how to recognize microorganisms that are not so friendly,\" says <a href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/relman.html\">David Relman</a>, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine who studies the relationships between microbes and humans.\r\n\r\nMicrobes influence how much energy we burn and how much fat we store. There is even evidence that the microbes in our guts send signals that can affect our minds. These signals may affect how the human brain develops, and our moods and behavior as adults.\r\n\r\nPeople who live in places like the United States tend to have far less diverse microbiomes than people who live in less developed countries and take fewer antibiotics. That, some scientists think, could be a factor in human diseases.\r\n\r\n\"As organisms are being lost, a lot of diseases have just skyrocketed,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/biosketch/blasem01\">Martin Blaser</a>, who directs the human microbiome program at the NYU Langone Medical Center. He lists diabetes, celiac disease, asthma, food allergies, obesity and developmental disorders like autism as health problems that have become more common.\r\n\r\nBut many researchers caution that we\'re still a long way from knowing if the microbiome is involved in any of those diseases and conditions.\r\n\r\n\"Yes, the microbiome is important,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/people/jaeisen\">Jonathan Eisen</a>, a professor who studies genes, microbes and evolution at the University of California, Davis. \"Yes, the microbiome differs between all sorts of health and disease states. But no, we don\'t know that the microbiome causes these health or disease states.\"\r\n\r\nEven more important, Eisen says: we don\'t know how to fix a microbiome, even if we knew what was wrong with it.\r\n\r\nStill, some doctors have already started performing microbe transplants. Fecal transplants have been used to cure people with life-threatening infections with the bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>. The patient\'s ailing gut bacteria is replaced with new colonies donated by a healthy person.\r\n\r\nGetting good bacteria to drive out bad is also the idea behind probiotics, which are widely marketed as health supplements. But it\'s which of those microbes are helpful, and for whom. The same goes for , which serve as food for microbes.\r\n\r\nThis expanding view of the microbiome is changing how some people think about humans — not as individual entities but as what philosopher calls a \"supraorganism.\"\r\n\r\n\"We\'re not just us by ourselves but a combination of us and them,\" Rhodes says. \"And that makes us very much more a part of our environment as opposed to something freestanding and separate from our environment. Those are very radical changes in the way we see self-identity.\"\r\n\r\nRhodes, who is also a bioethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, says some people might find this idea shocking or gross. \"But I think it\'s going to slowly seep into our culture and understanding of ourselves and change our understanding and consequently our behavior in important ways.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - July 22, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/203659797/staying-healthy-may-mean-learning-to-love-our-microbiomes\">Audio Link</a>', 'Staying Healthy May Mean Learning To Love Our Microbiomes', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2653-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:16:15', '2013-09-17 01:16:15', '', 2653, 'http://jagjuice.us/2653-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2656, 3, '2013-09-16 18:21:07', '2013-09-17 01:21:07', '[caption id=\"attachment_2654\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2654\" alt=\"It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.[/caption]\n\nNot so long ago, most people thought that the only good microbe was a dead microbe.\n\nBut then scientists started to realize that even though some bugs can make us sick and even kill us, most don\'t.\n\nIn fact, in the past decade attitudes about the bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microbes living all over our bodies has almost completely turned around. Now scientists say that not only are those microbes often not harmful, we can\'t live without them.\n\n\"The vast majority of them are beneficial and actually essential to health,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a>, program director for the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\">Human Microbiome Project</a> at the National Institutes of Health. The project is identifying microbes on key body parts, including the nose, gut, mouth and skin, in order to get a better sense of the microbes\' role in human health.\n\nThis sea change began with a pretty simple realization.\n\n\"When you\'re looking in the mirror, what you\'re really looking at is there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells,\" Proctor says. \"In almost every measure you can think of, we\'re more microbial than human.\"\n\nThe horde of microbes is so vast that their genes swamp our genes. In fact, 99 percent of the genes contained in and on our bodies are microbial genes.\n\nScientists are getting a much broader idea of what microbes do for us. We\'ve known for a long time that we depend on bacteria to digest food. But there\'s a growing realization that they\'re really like an 11<sup>th</sup> organ system. Proctor says, \"You know, you have your lungs, you have your heart and, you know, you have your microbiome.\"\n\nThis week, scientists from NIH and research institutions are gathering in Bethesda, Md., to debate the microbiome\'s role in disease and human health, including obesity, behavior, heart disease and cancer.\n\nPerhaps one of the most important things the microbiome does it to train the human immune system, starting at birth.\n\n\"It learns early on which microorganisms are friendly and how to recognize microorganisms that are not so friendly,\" says <a href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/relman.html\">David Relman</a>, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine who studies the relationships between microbes and humans.\n\nMicrobes influence how much energy we burn and how much fat we store. There is even evidence that the microbes in our guts send signals that can affect our minds. These signals may affect how the human brain develops, and our moods and behavior as adults.\n\nPeople who live in places like the United States tend to have far less diverse microbiomes than people who live in less developed countries and take fewer antibiotics. That, some scientists think, could be a factor in human diseases.\n\n\"As organisms are being lost, a lot of diseases have just skyrocketed,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/biosketch/blasem01\">Martin Blaser</a>, who directs the human microbiome program at the NYU Langone Medical Center. He lists diabetes, celiac disease, asthma, food allergies, obesity and developmental disorders like autism as health problems that have become more common.\n\nBut many researchers caution that we\'re still a long way from knowing if the microbiome is involved in any of those diseases and conditions.\n\n\"Yes, the microbiome is important,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/people/jaeisen\">Jonathan Eisen</a>, a professor who studies genes, microbes and evolution at the University of California, Davis. \"Yes, the microbiome differs between all sorts of health and disease states. But no, we don\'t know that the microbiome causes these health or disease states.\"\n\nEven more important, Eisen says: we don\'t know how to fix a microbiome, even if we knew what was wrong with it.\n\nStill, some doctors have already started performing microbe transplants. <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants/\">Fecal transplants</a> have been used to cure people with life-threatening infections with the bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>. The patient\'s ailing gut bacteria is replaced with new colonies donated by a healthy person.\n\nGetting good bacteria to drive out bad is also the idea behind probiotics, which are widely marketed as health supplements. But it\'s <a href=\"#\">still unclear</a> which of those microbes are helpful, and for whom. The same goes for <a href=\"#\">prebiotics</a>, which serve as food for microbes.\n\nThis expanding view of the microbiome is changing how some people think about humans — not as individual entities but as what philosopher Rosamond Rhodes calls a \"supraorganism.\"\n\n\"We\'re not just us by ourselves but a combination of us and them,\" Rhodes says. \"And that makes us very much more a part of our environment as opposed to something freestanding and separate from our environment. Those are very radical changes in the way we see self-identity.\"\n\nRhodes, who is also a bioethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, says some people might find this idea shocking or gross. \"But I think it\'s going to slowly seep into our culture and understanding of ourselves and change our understanding and consequently our behavior in important ways.\"\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\n&nbsp;\n\nNPR - July 22, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/203659797/staying-healthy-may-mean-learning-to-love-our-microbiomes\">Audio Link</a>', 'Staying Healthy May Mean Learning To Love Our Microbiomes', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2653-autosave-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:21:07', '2013-09-17 01:21:07', '', 2653, 'http://jagjuice.us/2653-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2657, 3, '2013-09-16 18:21:42', '2013-09-17 01:21:42', '[caption id=\"attachment_2654\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2654\" alt=\"It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/gut-bacteria_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> It\'s busy down there: a gut bacterium splits into two, becoming two new cells.[/caption]\r\n\r\nNot so long ago, most people thought that the only good microbe was a dead microbe.\r\n\r\nBut then scientists started to realize that even though some bugs can make us sick and even kill us, most don\'t.\r\n\r\nIn fact, in the past decade attitudes about the bacteria, fungi, viruses and other microbes living all over our bodies has almost completely turned around. Now scientists say that not only are those microbes often not harmful, we can\'t live without them.\r\n\r\n\"The vast majority of them are beneficial and actually essential to health,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genome.gov/27545755\">Lita Proctor</a>, program director for the <a href=\"http://commonfund.nih.gov/hmp/\">Human Microbiome Project</a> at the National Institutes of Health. The project is identifying microbes on key body parts, including the nose, gut, mouth and skin, in order to get a better sense of the microbes\' role in human health.\r\n\r\nThis sea change began with a pretty simple realization.\r\n\r\n\"When you\'re looking in the mirror, what you\'re really looking at is there are 10 times more microbial cells than human cells,\" Proctor says. \"In almost every measure you can think of, we\'re more microbial than human.\"\r\n\r\nThe horde of microbes is so vast that their genes swamp our genes. In fact, 99 percent of the genes contained in and on our bodies are microbial genes.\r\n\r\nScientists are getting a much broader idea of what microbes do for us. We\'ve known for a long time that we depend on bacteria to digest food. But there\'s a growing realization that they\'re really like an 11<sup>th</sup> organ system. Proctor says, \"You know, you have your lungs, you have your heart and, you know, you have your microbiome.\"\r\n\r\nThis week, scientists from NIH and research institutions are gathering in Bethesda, Md., to debate the microbiome\'s role in disease and human health, including obesity, behavior, heart disease and cancer.\r\n\r\nPerhaps one of the most important things the microbiome does it to train the human immune system, starting at birth.\r\n\r\n\"It learns early on which microorganisms are friendly and how to recognize microorganisms that are not so friendly,\" says <a href=\"http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micro/fac/relman.html\">David Relman</a>, an assistant professor of medicine at Stanford University School of Medicine who studies the relationships between microbes and humans.\r\n\r\nMicrobes influence how much energy we burn and how much fat we store. There is even evidence that the microbes in our guts send signals that can affect our minds. These signals may affect how the human brain develops, and our moods and behavior as adults.\r\n\r\nPeople who live in places like the United States tend to have far less diverse microbiomes than people who live in less developed countries and take fewer antibiotics. That, some scientists think, could be a factor in human diseases.\r\n\r\n\"As organisms are being lost, a lot of diseases have just skyrocketed,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.nyu.edu/biosketch/blasem01\">Martin Blaser</a>, who directs the human microbiome program at the NYU Langone Medical Center. He lists diabetes, celiac disease, asthma, food allergies, obesity and developmental disorders like autism as health problems that have become more common.\r\n\r\nBut many researchers caution that we\'re still a long way from knowing if the microbiome is involved in any of those diseases and conditions.\r\n\r\n\"Yes, the microbiome is important,\" says <a href=\"http://www.genomecenter.ucdavis.edu/people/jaeisen\">Jonathan Eisen</a>, a professor who studies genes, microbes and evolution at the University of California, Davis. \"Yes, the microbiome differs between all sorts of health and disease states. But no, we don\'t know that the microbiome causes these health or disease states.\"\r\n\r\nEven more important, Eisen says: we don\'t know how to fix a microbiome, even if we knew what was wrong with it.\r\n\r\nStill, some doctors have already started performing microbe transplants. <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants/\">Fecal transplants</a> have been used to cure people with life-threatening infections with the bacterium <em>Clostridium difficile</em>. The patient\'s ailing gut bacteria is replaced with new colonies donated by a healthy person.\r\n\r\nGetting good bacteria to drive out bad is also the idea behind probiotics, which are widely marketed as health supplements. But it\'s <a href=\"#\">still unclear</a> which of those microbes are helpful, and for whom. The same goes for <a href=\"#\">prebiotics</a>, which serve as food for microbes.\r\n\r\nThis expanding view of the microbiome is changing how some people think about humans — not as individual entities but as what philosopher <a href=\"http://web.gc.cuny.edu/philosophy/faculty/rhodes.htm\">Rosamond Rhodes</a> calls a \"supraorganism.\"\r\n\r\n\"We\'re not just us by ourselves but a combination of us and them,\" Rhodes says. \"And that makes us very much more a part of our environment as opposed to something freestanding and separate from our environment. Those are very radical changes in the way we see self-identity.\"\r\n\r\nRhodes, who is also a bioethicist at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York, says some people might find this idea shocking or gross. \"But I think it\'s going to slowly seep into our culture and understanding of ourselves and change our understanding and consequently our behavior in important ways.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - July 22, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/07/22/203659797/staying-healthy-may-mean-learning-to-love-our-microbiomes\">Audio Link</a>', 'Staying Healthy May Mean Learning To Love Our Microbiomes', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2653-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:21:42', '2013-09-17 01:21:42', '', 2653, 'http://jagjuice.us/2653-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2658, 3, '2013-07-09 18:21:52', '2013-07-10 01:21:52', '[caption id=\"attachment_2659\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/probiotics1_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2659 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Packages of Activa yogurt, which contain probiotics, on a grocery shelf in Chicago.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/probiotics1_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Packages of Activa yogurt, which contain probiotics, on a grocery shelf in Chicago.[/caption]\r\n\r\nResearchers are studying the ability of beneficial micro-organisms - or probiotics - to treat a range of conditions from <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/2006/07/20/5568701/q-a-pros-and-cons-of-probiotics\" target=\"_blank\">eczema to inflammatory bowel disease</a>. And the idea that \"good\" bacteria are healthy for us is gaining traction.\r\n\r\nBut the science is tricky.\r\n\r\nOn one hand, scientists now know that some of the millions of microbes that populate our guts are beneficial. \"It\'s incredibly clear that these bacteria in our gut are not just innocent bystanders, hanging out,\" says <a href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site2289/mainpageS2289P0.html\" target=\"_blank\">Athos Bousvaros</a> , a pediatric gastroenterologist at Harvard Medical School.\r\n\r\nBeneficial bacteria help us digest food, make vitamins, even help protect us from harmful pathogens. \"That\'s all totally real,\" Bousvaros says.\r\n\r\nBut it\'s not clear which live micro-organisms, or probiotics, are helpful, says Bousvaros.\r\n\r\nLots of people have turned to yogurt, with the belief that the bacteria added to the milk as part of the fermentation process are helpful. And there\'s some <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\">evidence</a> that yogurt affects digestion.\r\n\r\nMany others are trying specialty yogurts or supplements made with specific strains of probiotics. There are hundreds of products on the market.\r\n\r\n\"Most of [the products] have never been studied,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.ucla.edu/modules/wfchannel/index.php?pagenum=198\" target=\"_blank\">Kirsten Tillisch</a>, a gastroenterologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. \"And they all contain all different kinds of strains of bacteria.\"\r\n\r\nIt\'s not clear whether different people need different strains, or whether some strains are more beneficial. \"We just don\'t know,\" says Tillisch. So she tries to steer her patients who are eager to try probiotics to products that have some clinical research behind them.\r\n\r\nIncreasingly, researchers and yogurt-makers are trying to nail down specific benefits. For instance, a probiotic called Align has been studied in people with irritable bowel syndrome. \"There have been a couple of <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765388\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> that have shown, in irritable bowel syndrome specifically, that people do better [when they consume it],\" says Tillisch\r\n\r\nThe probiotic yogurt Activia has also been studied, though that research has mostly been supported by its manufacturer Dannon. Activia contains a trade-marked probiotic culture called <em>bifidus regularis</em> which supposedly helps regulate the digestive system.\r\n\r\nTillisch says during these studies the participants were typically consuming the yogurt two or three times a day. She wants her patients to have realistic expectations, especially if they\'re only eating it occasionally. \"I don\'t know if having yogurt once in a while will make any difference at all,\" she says.\r\n\r\nTwo recent <a href=\"http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/05/08.html\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a>, including one conducted by researchers at the Rand Institute, have found evidence that probiotics can reduce the risk of antibiotic-related diarrhea. And a recent <a href=\"http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD006895/probiotics-live-micro-organisms-to-prevent-upper-respiratory-tract-infections-for-example-the-common-cold\" target=\"_blank\">Cochrane Collaborative analysis</a> found that people who eat fermented foods such as yogurt or take probiotic supplements were somewhat less vulnerable to upper respiratory illnesses, including the common cold.\r\n\r\nNailing down the specific benefits of probiotics will take years and much more research. And this includes an interesting line of inquiry into a gut-mind connection, exploring the idea that we might be able to change how we feel by changing what\'s in our guts.\r\n\r\nThis gut-brain connection has been demonstrated in animals.\r\n\r\n\"Pretty dramatic effects can happen in animals when you change their gut flora,\" says Tillisch. \"If you take an animal with inflamed gut, and give them a probiotic, they don\'t act anxious anymore.\"\r\n\r\nTillisch and her colleagues recently completed a very small, <a href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/DDW/32944\" target=\"_blank\">preliminary study</a> involving healthy women. After taking probiotics, brain scans found changes in the way women responded to a series of images of angry or sad faces.\r\n\r\n\"At the most basic level, we show that by changing the bacteria in the gut, we change the way the brain responds to environmental cues\" says Tillisch.\r\n\r\nIt\'s intriguing stuff, but it\'s also early days. So, it\'s not as if we can assume that your morning yogurt will melt away stress. Tillisch says she hopes to keep testing this theory with future studies.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - Allison Aubrey - July 9, 2013 - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/09/156381323/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'Confusion At The Yogurt Aisle? Time for Probiotics 101', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:10:16', '2014-03-14 22:10:16', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2658', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2659, 3, '2013-09-16 18:23:39', '2013-09-17 01:23:39', '', 'Yogurt', 'Packages of Activa yogurt, which contain probiotics, on a grocery shelf in Chicago.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'probiotics1_wide', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:23:39', '2013-09-17 01:23:39', '', 2658, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/probiotics1_wide.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2660, 3, '2013-09-16 18:38:23', '2013-09-17 01:38:23', '[caption id=\"attachment_2659\" align=\"alignleft\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/probiotics1_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2659 \" style=\"margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 8px;\" alt=\"Packages of Activa yogurt, which contain probiotics, on a grocery shelf in Chicago.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/probiotics1_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Packages of Activa yogurt, which contain probiotics, on a grocery shelf in Chicago.[/caption]\r\n\r\nResearchers are studying the ability of beneficial micro-organisms - or probiotics - to treat a range of conditions from <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/2006/07/20/5568701/q-a-pros-and-cons-of-probiotics\" target=\"_blank\">eczema to inflammatory bowel disease</a>. And the idea that \"good\" bacteria are healthy for us is gaining traction.\r\n\r\nBut the science is tricky.\r\n\r\nOn one hand, scientists now know that some of the millions of microbes that populate our guts are beneficial. \"It\'s incredibly clear that these bacteria in our gut are not just innocent bystanders, hanging out,\" says <a href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/cfapps/research/data_admin/Site2289/mainpageS2289P0.html\" target=\"_blank\">Athos Bousvaros</a> , a pediatric gastroenterologist at Harvard Medical School.\r\n\r\nBeneficial bacteria help us digest food, make vitamins, even help protect us from harmful pathogens. \"That\'s all totally real,\" Bousvaros says.\r\n\r\nBut it\'s not clear which live micro-organisms, or probiotics, are helpful, says Bousvaros.\r\n\r\nLots of people have turned to yogurt, with the belief that the bacteria added to the milk as part of the fermentation process are helpful. And there\'s some <a href=\"#\" target=\"_blank\">evidence</a> that yogurt affects digestion.\r\n\r\nMany others are trying specialty yogurts or supplements made with specific strains of probiotics. There are hundreds of products on the market.\r\n\r\n\"Most of [the products] have never been studied,\" says <a href=\"http://www.med.ucla.edu/modules/wfchannel/index.php?pagenum=198\" target=\"_blank\">Kirsten Tillisch</a>, a gastroenterologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. \"And they all contain all different kinds of strains of bacteria.\"\r\n\r\nIt\'s not clear whether different people need different strains, or whether some strains are more beneficial. \"We just don\'t know,\" says Tillisch. So she tries to steer her patients who are eager to try probiotics to products that have some clinical research behind them.\r\n\r\nIncreasingly, researchers and yogurt-makers are trying to nail down specific benefits. For instance, a probiotic called Align has been studied in people with irritable bowel syndrome. \"There have been a couple of <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15765388\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a> that have shown, in irritable bowel syndrome specifically, that people do better [when they consume it],\" says Tillisch\r\n\r\nThe probiotic yogurt Activia has also been studied, though that research has mostly been supported by its manufacturer Dannon. Activia contains a trade-marked probiotic culture called <em>bifidus regularis</em> which supposedly helps regulate the digestive system.\r\n\r\nTillisch says during these studies the participants were typically consuming the yogurt two or three times a day. She wants her patients to have realistic expectations, especially if they\'re only eating it occasionally. \"I don\'t know if having yogurt once in a while will make any difference at all,\" she says.\r\n\r\nTwo recent <a href=\"http://www.rand.org/news/press/2012/05/08.html\" target=\"_blank\">studies</a>, including one conducted by researchers at the Rand Institute, have found evidence that probiotics can reduce the risk of antibiotic-related diarrhea. And a recent <a href=\"http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD006895/probiotics-live-micro-organisms-to-prevent-upper-respiratory-tract-infections-for-example-the-common-cold\" target=\"_blank\">Cochrane Collaborative analysis</a> found that people who eat fermented foods such as yogurt or take probiotic supplements were somewhat less vulnerable to upper respiratory illnesses, including the common cold.\r\n\r\nNailing down the specific benefits of probiotics will take years and much more research. And this includes an interesting line of inquiry into a gut-mind connection, exploring the idea that we might be able to change how we feel by changing what\'s in our guts.\r\n\r\nThis gut-brain connection has been demonstrated in animals.\r\n\r\n\"Pretty dramatic effects can happen in animals when you change their gut flora,\" says Tillisch. \"If you take an animal with inflamed gut, and give them a probiotic, they don\'t act anxious anymore.\"\r\n\r\nTillisch and her colleagues recently completed a very small, <a href=\"http://www.medpagetoday.com/MeetingCoverage/DDW/32944\" target=\"_blank\">preliminary study</a> involving healthy women. After taking probiotics, brain scans found changes in the way women responded to a series of images of angry or sad faces.\r\n\r\n\"At the most basic level, we show that by changing the bacteria in the gut, we change the way the brain responds to environmental cues\" says Tillisch.\r\n\r\nIt\'s intriguing stuff, but it\'s also early days. So, it\'s not as if we can assume that your morning yogurt will melt away stress. Tillisch says she hopes to keep testing this theory with future studies.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - Allison Aubrey - July 9, 2013 - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2012/07/09/156381323/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'Confusion At The Yogurt Aisle? Time for Probiotics 101', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2658-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:38:23', '2013-09-17 01:38:23', '', 2658, 'http://jagjuice.us/2658-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0);
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(2661, 3, '2011-10-28 18:39:38', '2011-10-29 01:39:38', 'JOHN DANKOSKY, HOST:\r\n\r\nThis is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I\'m John Dankosky.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbes.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2662\" alt=\"microbes\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbes-198x300.jpg\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" /></a>Next up, our microbial hour continues, but this time with some friendly bacteria, like the ones in yogurt. Now, I\'ve always thought that eating yogurt was good for my gut because it lets those good bacteria set up shop, warding off the bad guys by out-populating them. At least that\'s what I thought. Well, maybe not, because my next guest has found that yogurt bacteria don\'t actually re-colonize your gut, but they do alter what\'s going on down there as you digest your food. That research appears in the journal Science Translational Medicine.\r\n\r\nJoining me now is Jeffrey Gordon, a professor of pathology and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He\'s also director of the school\'s Center for Genome Sciences. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr. Gordon.\r\n\r\nJEFFREY GORDON: Thank you for having me.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: So you first studied yogurt bacteria in mice. How did you do that?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, let\'s have a few definitions to begin with. Yogurt refers to a product obtained from fermentation of milk by cultures of bacteria. Common bacteria in yogurts are streptococcus thermophilus and, another one with a bigger name, lactobacillus. We wanted to understand the effects of yogurt strains, as you said, on both the structure and the operations of our gut microbes, and we set up an experiment with two arms.\r\n\r\nOn the one hand, we had mice that were raised under sterile condition. They\'re called germ-free mice. In a particular stage of their life, we introduced a collection of 15 normal members of our human gut community. By the way, their genomes were completely sequenced, so we knew all the genes in this model community of our human gut bacteria. And we studied these mice for a time, looking at the operations of this community, and then assessed the impact of introducing the bacterial strains that are present in a popular, commercially available fermented milk product.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, we were studying a group of adult, healthy identical twins. And we followed them for a period of time, sampling their gut communities, and then administered the same commercially available product and looked at the impact of consuming that product over time, and then had them all stop consuming the product and looked to see whether the live bacterial strains associated with the product disappeared in a predictable way.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Oh, so...\r\n\r\nGORDON: So that was the setup.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: That\'s the setup. What else did you find?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, we found in both the mice and in the humans that consumption of these live bacteria didn\'t really disrupt the representation of preexisting bacteria in the guts of humans or mice. It didn\'t affect the representation of genes. Rather, it affected the way these communities operated, specifically the pattern of expression of microbial genes involved in certain aspects of metabolism, most notably the metabolism of complex sugars, polysaccharides.\r\n\r\nAnd what we saw in mice we also saw in humans, which gave us encouragement because we felt that, in this field, where lots of claims are made about the health benefits of probiotics, it\'s very important to be able to establish a rigorous testing scheme, where we could, under very controlled conditions, look at the impact of these strains on gut communities, take the lessons learned from these models and then apply it in an informed and directed way to humans.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Just so we understand, when I eat a little bit of yogurt, the bugs that are in the yogurt, the microbes that are in there, are just a tiny, tiny fraction of how many microbes are in my gut. Maybe you can explain the scale here.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Absolutely. So a typical helping of yogurt will have a few billion bacteria. Now, of course that\'s a large number. But consider for a moment the fact that our human guts are home to tens and tens of trillions of microbes, largely bacteria. So, really, it\'s a small fraction of the population.\r\n\r\nAnd what we noted in mice and what we noted in humans shouldn\'t be surprising. We dosed the mice at a level that\'s equivalent to the dosing in humans, and there wasn\'t a change in the overall architecture, the structure, of these communities. Rather, through processes that we don\'t fully understand, there was a form of communication between the yogurt strains and the normal resident bacteria in the gut. And that communication resulted in a change in the properties of the gut communities; notably, it affected the way these communities processed polysaccharides. Why is that important? Well, polysaccharides, which are common components of our diet, are molecules, large molecules that have complex chemical linkages. We don\'t have the dining utensils necessary to break down these polysaccharides on our own. Rather, we depend upon our gut bacteria to mobilize these utensils - they\'re actually enzymes - to break down polysaccharides in ways that are useable to us and to them. So we see...\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: And what are the polysaccharides we\'re breaking down again?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, in this particular case, the change involved a series of polysaccharides that are common ingredients of our foods. I\'ll give you their names. Xylans, these are present in fruits and vegetables, milk, honey, wheat. Pectins, they\'re prominent in apples, plums, oranges, carrots. They are the jelling agent used in jams and jellies. And the other type of polysaccharide, again, common in our diet can be classified as fructans. They\'re present in wheat, barley, garlic, onion, asparagus. And again, these are normal components of our diets. These are components that we depend upon our gut microbes to break down. And the introduction of these yogurt strains appeared to improve the capacity to break down these components of our diet.\r\n\r\nThey not only appeared at the level of gene expression, but we actually measured the products of digestion in these mouse models, and they were very informative. They confirmed what we saw at the level of gene expression and told us that, yes, in fact, a small number of bacteria ingested can affect the properties of a gut community.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: But - yeah.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Of course, once the twins stopped consuming yogurt, the strains in the yogurt rapidly cleared from the system.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. So how long do the effects last? And how quickly do they get cleared?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, in all cases, within about two weeks, the bacterial strains that were contained in this fermented milk product fell to below the limits of detection in each of the seven sets of twins that we studied.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: So to get any gut benefit here, does it matter how much yogurt I eat? Is there a minimum effective dose to actually do what you\'re getting at here?\r\n\r\nGORDON: There probably is some variations in the amount of bacteria from the ingested yogurt that are present in your gut at the time you\'re consuming it. We really don\'t know the question of dosing. We really don\'t know the effect of the diets of the people who are consuming the yogurt on the effects of the yogurt strains in digestion of other types of food in our diets. We hope that these mouse models will allow us to answer the questions of whether a particular type of yogurt or fermented milk product has similar effects on people having different dietary habits, different ages - the types of questions that are going to be important to get answers to if we rigorously assess some of the health claims that are made by manufacturers of probiotics.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: We\'re talking with Jeffrey Gordon from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. You can join us at 1-800-989-8255 or 1-800-989-TALK. Let\'s go to Chris in Springdale, Arkansas. Hi, Chris.\r\n\r\nCHRIS: Hi. How are you guys doing today?\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Good. What\'s up?\r\n\r\nCHRIS: Well, I had a question about the different types of yogurt. I know when you walk into a yogurt aisle at any Wal-Mart or any kind of big-box store, there\'s so much selection. I was wondering if there\'s one type of yogurt that\'s better for you than another, and really what it is in the yogurt that we should looking for in the label to find out what it is really that gives us these probiotic benefits.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, that\'s a wonderful question and one of the reasons that we embarked on this set of experiments. We really wanted to create an analysis pipeline, where we could use models - in this case, an animal model where we reconstructed a human gut community - to answer some of the questions that you ask. We do know that individuals vary in terms of their collection of gut microbes. Even genetically identical twins have somewhat different collections of gut microbes. We know that diet plays an important role in shaping the structure and operations of these communities. There are different types of yogurt. There are different types of fermented dairy products. As I said in the beginning of this episode, there are - a minimum of two types of bacterial strains that are required to be present in a fermented milk product in order for it to be labeled yogurt.\r\n\r\nThere are some types of products that have more than these two strains. You can also, as you know, go to supermarkets and various stores and pick up probiotics that have a variety of different components. We really don\'t have sufficient information to answer the question you have asked. We do, we think, have a set of tools in a new toolbox to address this. How do foods and how do gut bacteria interact with one another? Is the nutritional value of food influenced, in part, by the microbes we normally harbor? Can it be further modified by these live microbes we ingest deliberately? And in the future, if we open up a medicine cabinet in the 21st century, can we find - should we discover a series of new probiotics that can enhance the nutritional value of the particular diets that we consume?\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Well, you mentioned the off-the-shelf probiotics. I know a lot of people are interested in that. If you take probiotics in capsule form, is it different somehow than eating yogurt in the morning?\r\n\r\nGORDON: That also is a great question. And just relating to the episode that preceded this one, it\'s going to be very important for the formulation of these products to be carefully validated. Is there a set number or an indicated number of live microbes in that formulation as advertised? Do we know the genome sequences of the bugs that are contained in these products? Is manufacturing such that from lot to lot we have consistency? I know that issue of consistency is taken very seriously by the manufacturers of a number of yogurts. But as you indicate, probiotics are sold widely, they\'re advertised having very - a variety of different health effect. And for those claims to be validated, we\'d need the types of tools that we described in this study and others.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: I\'m John Dankosky. And this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. The yogurt company Dannon, which partially funded this research that we\'re talking about today, recently settled a suit for claiming on its packaging that yogurt can improve digestion and immune system. What do you think of labels like this? Does this study back up these claims?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, actually, Dannon funded part of our research in order to construct this type of analysis pipeline, to test the types of claims that are being made, not only by themselves but by others. I do think that this particular study indicated that there\'s an effect on the digestion of a component of our diet, polysaccharides. There have been other studies in mice, for instance, that shows that certain consortium of bacteria that are found in fermented milk products, including products made by Dannon, may modulate immune function in a way that would be beneficial, at least in the setting of colitis.\r\n\r\nSo I think that there\'s much to learn. I think we have to be very rigorous in terms of testing the claims in order for the public to gain additional trust that we should be equipped to address the complexity of our gut microbial communities in the form of representative animal models, learn from those models, and then design, execute and carefully interpret clinical studies. A lot of public will know.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. Lyle is in Eagle, Michigan. Lyle, a quick question for the doctor?\r\n\r\nLYLE: Yeah. After reading the China study, I quit eating dairy and meat. And I was real curious and overjoyed to hear about the billions of bacteria I have in my belly. Good to hear that because I was kind of concerned that because I was not going to eat any more yogurt that maybe there was a challenge. I never really had any issues. I was wondering if your research has gone that way with people that didn\'t eat any meat or dairy, and how their bacteria as well as digestions have been affected.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. How is Lyle\'s gut, Doctor?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, I don\'t know, Lyle, but thank you for sharing your personal story with me. Lyle, I\'ll tell you something. Your thought is a very important one because there is an emerging set of observations, in part, made by our group and others, that diet has a huge effect in shaping the structure and operations of your gut communities. We\'ve studied many different mammalian species, including humans, to look at the impact of different diets on how our gut communities are configured. And not billions, Lyle, but trillions of microbes live in our gut. And people on different diets have different gut structures. And when they switch diets, the representation of members of your gut community will change.\r\n\r\nIt\'s part of an important adaptation, part of the fitness. We have to learn how to digest the foods that we eat. As humans, we change what we eat over time. What is the code that relates the nutritional value of what we consume in the structure and operations of our gut communities? That\'s going to be a very important issue to address because looking forward, we heard this week that the population of our planet has reached seven billion humans, by 2050, 9 billion humans. What types of crops we plant, what kind of recommendations we make about what to eat in the future will be informed by deeper knowledge of the operations of this vast collection of microbes that live inside of us.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Jeffrey Gordon, you eat yogurt every day?\r\n\r\nGORDON: I don\'t eat yogurt every day, but I do eat yogurt intermittently.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: OK. And it has any health benefits for you?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Not noticeable, but I enjoy the experience.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Excellent. Jeffrey Gordon is professor of pathology and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He\'s also director of the school\'s Center for Genome Sciences. Thank you so much for joining us. I appreciate it.\r\n\r\nGORDON: My pleasure.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR, Science Friday - October 28, 2011 - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/10/28/141800414/does-probiotic-yogurt-really-affect-digestion\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link </a>', 'Does Probiotic Yogurt Really Affect Digestion?', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'does-probiotic-yogurt-really-affect-digestion', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:11:44', '2014-03-14 22:11:44', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2661', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2662, 3, '2013-09-16 18:43:42', '2013-09-17 01:43:42', '', 'microbes', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'microbes', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:43:42', '2013-09-17 01:43:42', '', 2661, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbes.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2663, 3, '2013-09-16 18:45:15', '2013-09-17 01:45:15', 'JOHN DANKOSKY, HOST:\r\n\r\nThis is SCIENCE FRIDAY. I\'m John Dankosky.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbes.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-2662\" alt=\"microbes\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/microbes-198x300.jpg\" width=\"198\" height=\"300\" /></a>Next up, our microbial hour continues, but this time with some friendly bacteria, like the ones in yogurt. Now, I\'ve always thought that eating yogurt was good for my gut because it lets those good bacteria set up shop, warding off the bad guys by out-populating them. At least that\'s what I thought. Well, maybe not, because my next guest has found that yogurt bacteria don\'t actually re-colonize your gut, but they do alter what\'s going on down there as you digest your food. That research appears in the journal Science Translational Medicine.\r\n\r\nJoining me now is Jeffrey Gordon, a professor of pathology and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He\'s also director of the school\'s Center for Genome Sciences. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY, Dr. Gordon.\r\n\r\nJEFFREY GORDON: Thank you for having me.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: So you first studied yogurt bacteria in mice. How did you do that?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, let\'s have a few definitions to begin with. Yogurt refers to a product obtained from fermentation of milk by cultures of bacteria. Common bacteria in yogurts are streptococcus thermophilus and, another one with a bigger name, lactobacillus. We wanted to understand the effects of yogurt strains, as you said, on both the structure and the operations of our gut microbes, and we set up an experiment with two arms.\r\n\r\nOn the one hand, we had mice that were raised under sterile condition. They\'re called germ-free mice. In a particular stage of their life, we introduced a collection of 15 normal members of our human gut community. By the way, their genomes were completely sequenced, so we knew all the genes in this model community of our human gut bacteria. And we studied these mice for a time, looking at the operations of this community, and then assessed the impact of introducing the bacterial strains that are present in a popular, commercially available fermented milk product.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, we were studying a group of adult, healthy identical twins. And we followed them for a period of time, sampling their gut communities, and then administered the same commercially available product and looked at the impact of consuming that product over time, and then had them all stop consuming the product and looked to see whether the live bacterial strains associated with the product disappeared in a predictable way.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Oh, so...\r\n\r\nGORDON: So that was the setup.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: That\'s the setup. What else did you find?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, we found in both the mice and in the humans that consumption of these live bacteria didn\'t really disrupt the representation of preexisting bacteria in the guts of humans or mice. It didn\'t affect the representation of genes. Rather, it affected the way these communities operated, specifically the pattern of expression of microbial genes involved in certain aspects of metabolism, most notably the metabolism of complex sugars, polysaccharides.\r\n\r\nAnd what we saw in mice we also saw in humans, which gave us encouragement because we felt that, in this field, where lots of claims are made about the health benefits of probiotics, it\'s very important to be able to establish a rigorous testing scheme, where we could, under very controlled conditions, look at the impact of these strains on gut communities, take the lessons learned from these models and then apply it in an informed and directed way to humans.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Just so we understand, when I eat a little bit of yogurt, the bugs that are in the yogurt, the microbes that are in there, are just a tiny, tiny fraction of how many microbes are in my gut. Maybe you can explain the scale here.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Absolutely. So a typical helping of yogurt will have a few billion bacteria. Now, of course that\'s a large number. But consider for a moment the fact that our human guts are home to tens and tens of trillions of microbes, largely bacteria. So, really, it\'s a small fraction of the population.\r\n\r\nAnd what we noted in mice and what we noted in humans shouldn\'t be surprising. We dosed the mice at a level that\'s equivalent to the dosing in humans, and there wasn\'t a change in the overall architecture, the structure, of these communities. Rather, through processes that we don\'t fully understand, there was a form of communication between the yogurt strains and the normal resident bacteria in the gut. And that communication resulted in a change in the properties of the gut communities; notably, it affected the way these communities processed polysaccharides. Why is that important? Well, polysaccharides, which are common components of our diet, are molecules, large molecules that have complex chemical linkages. We don\'t have the dining utensils necessary to break down these polysaccharides on our own. Rather, we depend upon our gut bacteria to mobilize these utensils - they\'re actually enzymes - to break down polysaccharides in ways that are useable to us and to them. So we see...\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: And what are the polysaccharides we\'re breaking down again?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, in this particular case, the change involved a series of polysaccharides that are common ingredients of our foods. I\'ll give you their names. Xylans, these are present in fruits and vegetables, milk, honey, wheat. Pectins, they\'re prominent in apples, plums, oranges, carrots. They are the jelling agent used in jams and jellies. And the other type of polysaccharide, again, common in our diet can be classified as fructans. They\'re present in wheat, barley, garlic, onion, asparagus. And again, these are normal components of our diets. These are components that we depend upon our gut microbes to break down. And the introduction of these yogurt strains appeared to improve the capacity to break down these components of our diet.\r\n\r\nThey not only appeared at the level of gene expression, but we actually measured the products of digestion in these mouse models, and they were very informative. They confirmed what we saw at the level of gene expression and told us that, yes, in fact, a small number of bacteria ingested can affect the properties of a gut community.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: But - yeah.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Of course, once the twins stopped consuming yogurt, the strains in the yogurt rapidly cleared from the system.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. So how long do the effects last? And how quickly do they get cleared?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, in all cases, within about two weeks, the bacterial strains that were contained in this fermented milk product fell to below the limits of detection in each of the seven sets of twins that we studied.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: So to get any gut benefit here, does it matter how much yogurt I eat? Is there a minimum effective dose to actually do what you\'re getting at here?\r\n\r\nGORDON: There probably is some variations in the amount of bacteria from the ingested yogurt that are present in your gut at the time you\'re consuming it. We really don\'t know the question of dosing. We really don\'t know the effect of the diets of the people who are consuming the yogurt on the effects of the yogurt strains in digestion of other types of food in our diets. We hope that these mouse models will allow us to answer the questions of whether a particular type of yogurt or fermented milk product has similar effects on people having different dietary habits, different ages - the types of questions that are going to be important to get answers to if we rigorously assess some of the health claims that are made by manufacturers of probiotics.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: We\'re talking with Jeffrey Gordon from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. You can join us at 1-800-989-8255 or 1-800-989-TALK. Let\'s go to Chris in Springdale, Arkansas. Hi, Chris.\r\n\r\nCHRIS: Hi. How are you guys doing today?\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Good. What\'s up?\r\n\r\nCHRIS: Well, I had a question about the different types of yogurt. I know when you walk into a yogurt aisle at any Wal-Mart or any kind of big-box store, there\'s so much selection. I was wondering if there\'s one type of yogurt that\'s better for you than another, and really what it is in the yogurt that we should looking for in the label to find out what it is really that gives us these probiotic benefits.\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, that\'s a wonderful question and one of the reasons that we embarked on this set of experiments. We really wanted to create an analysis pipeline, where we could use models - in this case, an animal model where we reconstructed a human gut community - to answer some of the questions that you ask. We do know that individuals vary in terms of their collection of gut microbes. Even genetically identical twins have somewhat different collections of gut microbes. We know that diet plays an important role in shaping the structure and operations of these communities. There are different types of yogurt. There are different types of fermented dairy products. As I said in the beginning of this episode, there are - a minimum of two types of bacterial strains that are required to be present in a fermented milk product in order for it to be labeled yogurt.\r\n\r\nThere are some types of products that have more than these two strains. You can also, as you know, go to supermarkets and various stores and pick up probiotics that have a variety of different components. We really don\'t have sufficient information to answer the question you have asked. We do, we think, have a set of tools in a new toolbox to address this. How do foods and how do gut bacteria interact with one another? Is the nutritional value of food influenced, in part, by the microbes we normally harbor? Can it be further modified by these live microbes we ingest deliberately? And in the future, if we open up a medicine cabinet in the 21st century, can we find - should we discover a series of new probiotics that can enhance the nutritional value of the particular diets that we consume?\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Well, you mentioned the off-the-shelf probiotics. I know a lot of people are interested in that. If you take probiotics in capsule form, is it different somehow than eating yogurt in the morning?\r\n\r\nGORDON: That also is a great question. And just relating to the episode that preceded this one, it\'s going to be very important for the formulation of these products to be carefully validated. Is there a set number or an indicated number of live microbes in that formulation as advertised? Do we know the genome sequences of the bugs that are contained in these products? Is manufacturing such that from lot to lot we have consistency? I know that issue of consistency is taken very seriously by the manufacturers of a number of yogurts. But as you indicate, probiotics are sold widely, they\'re advertised having very - a variety of different health effect. And for those claims to be validated, we\'d need the types of tools that we described in this study and others.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: I\'m John Dankosky. And this is SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR. The yogurt company Dannon, which partially funded this research that we\'re talking about today, recently settled a suit for claiming on its packaging that yogurt can improve digestion and immune system. What do you think of labels like this? Does this study back up these claims?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, actually, Dannon funded part of our research in order to construct this type of analysis pipeline, to test the types of claims that are being made, not only by themselves but by others. I do think that this particular study indicated that there\'s an effect on the digestion of a component of our diet, polysaccharides. There have been other studies in mice, for instance, that shows that certain consortium of bacteria that are found in fermented milk products, including products made by Dannon, may modulate immune function in a way that would be beneficial, at least in the setting of colitis.\r\n\r\nSo I think that there\'s much to learn. I think we have to be very rigorous in terms of testing the claims in order for the public to gain additional trust that we should be equipped to address the complexity of our gut microbial communities in the form of representative animal models, learn from those models, and then design, execute and carefully interpret clinical studies. A lot of public will know.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. Lyle is in Eagle, Michigan. Lyle, a quick question for the doctor?\r\n\r\nLYLE: Yeah. After reading the China study, I quit eating dairy and meat. And I was real curious and overjoyed to hear about the billions of bacteria I have in my belly. Good to hear that because I was kind of concerned that because I was not going to eat any more yogurt that maybe there was a challenge. I never really had any issues. I was wondering if your research has gone that way with people that didn\'t eat any meat or dairy, and how their bacteria as well as digestions have been affected.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Yeah. How is Lyle\'s gut, Doctor?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Well, I don\'t know, Lyle, but thank you for sharing your personal story with me. Lyle, I\'ll tell you something. Your thought is a very important one because there is an emerging set of observations, in part, made by our group and others, that diet has a huge effect in shaping the structure and operations of your gut communities. We\'ve studied many different mammalian species, including humans, to look at the impact of different diets on how our gut communities are configured. And not billions, Lyle, but trillions of microbes live in our gut. And people on different diets have different gut structures. And when they switch diets, the representation of members of your gut community will change.\r\n\r\nIt\'s part of an important adaptation, part of the fitness. We have to learn how to digest the foods that we eat. As humans, we change what we eat over time. What is the code that relates the nutritional value of what we consume in the structure and operations of our gut communities? That\'s going to be a very important issue to address because looking forward, we heard this week that the population of our planet has reached seven billion humans, by 2050, 9 billion humans. What types of crops we plant, what kind of recommendations we make about what to eat in the future will be informed by deeper knowledge of the operations of this vast collection of microbes that live inside of us.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Jeffrey Gordon, you eat yogurt every day?\r\n\r\nGORDON: I don\'t eat yogurt every day, but I do eat yogurt intermittently.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: OK. And it has any health benefits for you?\r\n\r\nGORDON: Not noticeable, but I enjoy the experience.\r\n\r\nDANKOSKY: Excellent. Jeffrey Gordon is professor of pathology and immunology at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. He\'s also director of the school\'s Center for Genome Sciences. Thank you so much for joining us. I appreciate it.\r\n\r\nGORDON: My pleasure.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR, Science Friday - October 28, 2011 - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/10/28/141800414/does-probiotic-yogurt-really-affect-digestion\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link </a>', 'Does Probiotic Yogurt Really Affect Digestion?', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2661-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:45:15', '2013-09-17 01:45:15', '', 2661, 'http://jagjuice.us/2661-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2664, 3, '2012-10-19 18:46:23', '2012-10-20 01:46:23', '[caption id=\"attachment_2665\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/piglets_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2665 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"Did someone say prebiotics?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/piglets_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Did someone say prebiotics?[/caption]\r\n\r\nWhich comes first, the probiotics or the prebiotics?\r\n\r\nCould prebiotics, the food for the good bacteria known as <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101/\">probiotics</a>, have more benefits than a dose of the microbes, particularly for people with serious health problems like preemies?\r\n\r\nThat\'s a question <a href=\"http://nutrsci.illinois.edu/content/kelly-tappenden\">Kelly Tappenden</a>, a professor of nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is trying to figure out. When she tested fructooligosaccharide, a prebiotic carbohydrate also known, mercifully, as FOS, in baby pigs, she found that it helped their small intestine grow, and better digest and absorb nutrients.\r\n\r\nWhen Tappenden tested probiotic bacteria, they didn\'t show any benefit for the pigs. \"Using probiotics actually had negative effects,\" she told Shots. Her work was <a href=\"http://pen.sagepub.com/content/36/1/122.full\">published in the</a> <em>Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition</em>.\r\n\r\nProbiotics are marketed with abandon for ailments from colitis to eczema, but there\'s <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101/http://\">growing scientific evidence </a>that they actually help. Prebiotics such as FOS and inulin, another carbohydrate, are starting to be pushed with similar sales pitches.\r\n\r\nBaby formula manufacturers have started adding prebiotics, with Enfamil, for one, touting its \"Natural Defense Dual Prebiotics Blend, designed to help support your baby\'s natural defenses.\"\r\n\r\nInulin and FOS are different versions of the same molecule that ferment in different places in the gut. Inulin is found in foods like garlic and leeks. The inulin added to processed foods is usually extracted from chicory root. It\'s considered a soluble fiber since most of it doesn\'t get digested. It can cause gas and bloating in some people.\r\n\r\nManufacturers are also adding inulin to products aimed at adults, including juice, yogurt, and fiber bars.\r\n\r\nTappenden acknowledges that there\'s still a lot we don\'t know about the plusses and minuses of prebiotics, but she thinks they have big potential for therapies. \"If we can find a way to fortify the gut... it would have tremendous benefits.\"\r\n\r\nOther scientists are trying to figure out whether prebiotics could be used to treat infection by salmonella and other deadly food-borne microbes.\r\n\r\nAlthough she\'s all for more fiber in a healthy diet, Tappenden doesn\'t think people should be blithely stuffing themselves full of biotics, be they pro- or pre-.\r\n\r\nConsumers and doctors tend to think all probiotics and prebiotics are beneficial, she says, but it\'s becoming clear that they have different effects. And when it comes to gut microbes, it\'s not a one-species-fits-all proposition. \"We can\'t use them indiscriminately,\" she says.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - October 18, 2012 - Nancy Shute - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/10/19/163176098/probiotics-need-to-eat-too\">Audio Link</a>', 'Probiotics Need To Eat, Too', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'probiotics-need-to-eat-too', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:11:15', '2014-03-14 22:11:15', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2664', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2665, 3, '2013-09-16 18:47:58', '2013-09-17 01:47:58', '', 'Piglets', 'Did someone say prebiotics?', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'piglets_wide', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:47:58', '2013-09-17 01:47:58', '', 2664, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/piglets_wide.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2666, 3, '2013-09-16 18:57:36', '2013-09-17 01:57:36', '[caption id=\"attachment_2665\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/piglets_wide.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2665 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"Did someone say prebiotics?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/piglets_wide-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Did someone say prebiotics?[/caption]\r\n\r\nWhich comes first, the probiotics or the prebiotics?\r\n\r\nCould prebiotics, the food for the good bacteria known as <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101/\">probiotics</a>, have more benefits than a dose of the microbes, particularly for people with serious health problems like preemies?\r\n\r\nThat\'s a question <a href=\"http://nutrsci.illinois.edu/content/kelly-tappenden\">Kelly Tappenden</a>, a professor of nutrition at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, is trying to figure out. When she tested fructooligosaccharide, a prebiotic carbohydrate also known, mercifully, as FOS, in baby pigs, she found that it helped their small intestine grow, and better digest and absorb nutrients.\r\n\r\nWhen Tappenden tested probiotic bacteria, they didn\'t show any benefit for the pigs. \"Using probiotics actually had negative effects,\" she told Shots. Her work was <a href=\"http://pen.sagepub.com/content/36/1/122.full\">published in the</a> <em>Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition</em>.\r\n\r\nProbiotics are marketed with abandon for ailments from colitis to eczema, but there\'s <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/confusion-at-the-yogurt-aisle-time-for-probiotics-101/http://\">growing scientific evidence </a>that they actually help. Prebiotics such as FOS and inulin, another carbohydrate, are starting to be pushed with similar sales pitches.\r\n\r\nBaby formula manufacturers have started adding prebiotics, with Enfamil, for one, touting its \"Natural Defense Dual Prebiotics Blend, designed to help support your baby\'s natural defenses.\"\r\n\r\nInulin and FOS are different versions of the same molecule that ferment in different places in the gut. Inulin is found in foods like garlic and leeks. The inulin added to processed foods is usually extracted from chicory root. It\'s considered a soluble fiber since most of it doesn\'t get digested. It can cause gas and bloating in some people.\r\n\r\nManufacturers are also adding inulin to products aimed at adults, including juice, yogurt, and fiber bars.\r\n\r\nTappenden acknowledges that there\'s still a lot we don\'t know about the plusses and minuses of prebiotics, but she thinks they have big potential for therapies. \"If we can find a way to fortify the gut... it would have tremendous benefits.\"\r\n\r\nOther scientists are trying to figure out whether prebiotics could be used to treat infection by salmonella and other deadly food-borne microbes.\r\n\r\nAlthough she\'s all for more fiber in a healthy diet, Tappenden doesn\'t think people should be blithely stuffing themselves full of biotics, be they pro- or pre-.\r\n\r\nConsumers and doctors tend to think all probiotics and prebiotics are beneficial, she says, but it\'s becoming clear that they have different effects. And when it comes to gut microbes, it\'s not a one-species-fits-all proposition. \"We can\'t use them indiscriminately,\" she says.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - October 18, 2012 - Nancy Shute - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/10/19/163176098/probiotics-need-to-eat-too\">Audio Link</a>', 'Probiotics Need To Eat, Too', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2664-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 18:57:36', '2013-09-17 01:57:36', '', 2664, 'http://jagjuice.us/2664-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2667, 3, '2013-08-28 18:59:24', '2013-08-29 01:59:24', '[caption id=\"attachment_2668\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/tapetale.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2668 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"The tale of the tape may be told, in part, by the microbes inside you.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/tapetale-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> The tale of the tape may be told, in part, by the microbes inside you.[/caption]\r\n\r\nScientists have discovered new clues about how microbes in our digestive systems may affect health.\r\n\r\nEuropean researchers found that the less diverse those microbes are, the more likely people are to gain weight, become obese and develop risk factors for serious health problems.\r\n\r\nEvidence has been mounting in recent years that bacteria and other organisms in our bodies do a lot more than just help us digest food.\r\n\r\n\"We had kind of a notion that all these bacteria that live in our body will be important for health and disease,\" says <a href=\"http://jobs.inra.fr/en/Career-opportunities/Portraits/Stanislav-Dusko-Ehrlich\" target=\"_blank\">S. Dusko Erhlich</a> of the National Institute for Agricultural Research in France, who led the new research. But exactly how they\'re important has been a little fuzzy.\r\n\r\nSo Ehrlich and his colleagues conducted a detailed analysis of the microbes in the guts of nearly 292 Danish people. There were 169 obese people in the group and 123 who were lean.\r\n\r\nFor starters, <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12506.html\" target=\"_blank\">as the scientists report</a> in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Nature,</em> the results confirmed earlier findings.\r\n\r\n\"The lean people had higher microbial diversity than the obese people,\" Ehrlich says. By more diversity, he means that the leaner folks had more intestinal bacteria — 40 percent more — and many more species of bacteria than the people who were fatter.\r\n\r\nWhen looking just at the obese people in the study, the scientists found the people with the least bacterial diversity were likelier than those with a greater variety of microbes to keep gaining weight during the nine years the researchers kept track.\r\n\r\nPerhaps even more surprising and important: People who had less microbial diversity — whatever their weight — were more likely to have a variety of risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Those risk factors included insulin resistance and inflammation.\r\n\r\n\"Even lean people who are poor in bacterial species have a higher risk of developing these pathologies,\" Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nAll this supports the ideas that eating a poor diet or taking lots of antibiotics may be factors in the obesity epidemic and associated health problems, in part, because of the way they affect our gut microbes, Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nIn fact, the researchers found evidence to support the role of diet in a <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12480.html\" target=\"_blank\">second paper</a> being published in the same issue of <em>Nature</em>. When they put 49 French people who were overweight or obese on a low-calorie diet for six weeks, the variety of the volunteers\' intestinal microbes became much richer.\r\n\r\n\"That gives hope that we can not only diagnose the risk but do something about it — intervene to alleviate the risk,\" Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nMicrobiologist <a href=\"http://www.salk.edu/faculty/evans.html\" target=\"_blank\">Ronald Evans</a> of the Salk Institute in California, who wrote an <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12480.html\" target=\"_blank\">article accompanying the studies</a>, agrees. \"It shows that [even] if you are on the unhealthy side, with dietary intervention you can actually convert yourself back to the healthy side,\" Evans says. \"This bad state is reversible in a relatively simple way, which is diet.\"\r\n\r\nThe researchers also identified eight species of bacteria that appeared to be missing among the people whose microbes were depleted, raising the possibility of someday creating a probiotic that could help.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s very possible to make a brew that is the collection of the [richly diverse bacterial] population, put that into a probiotic pill and give that to people who have the poor population and see if the good ones can take over and actually transmit the healthy state,\" Evans says.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - August 28, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/08/28/216081342/diverse-gut-microbes-a-trim-waistline-and-health-go-together\">Audio Link</a>', 'Diverse Gut Microbes, A Trim Waistline And Health Go Together', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'diverse-gut-microbes-a-trim-waistline-and-health-go-together', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:09:17', '2014-03-14 22:09:17', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2667', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2668, 3, '2013-09-16 19:01:42', '2013-09-17 02:01:42', '', 'Weight loss', 'The tale of the tape may be told, in part, by the microbes inside you.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'tapetale', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:01:42', '2013-09-17 02:01:42', '', 2667, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/tapetale.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0);
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(2669, 3, '2013-09-16 19:09:03', '2013-09-17 02:09:03', '[caption id=\"attachment_2668\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/tapetale.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2668 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"The tale of the tape may be told, in part, by the microbes inside you.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/tapetale-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> The tale of the tape may be told, in part, by the microbes inside you.[/caption]\r\n\r\nScientists have discovered new clues about how microbes in our digestive systems may affect health.\r\n\r\nEuropean researchers found that the less diverse those microbes are, the more likely people are to gain weight, become obese and develop risk factors for serious health problems.\r\n\r\nEvidence has been mounting in recent years that bacteria and other organisms in our bodies do a lot more than just help us digest food.\r\n\r\n\"We had kind of a notion that all these bacteria that live in our body will be important for health and disease,\" says <a href=\"http://jobs.inra.fr/en/Career-opportunities/Portraits/Stanislav-Dusko-Ehrlich\" target=\"_blank\">S. Dusko Erhlich</a> of the National Institute for Agricultural Research in France, who led the new research. But exactly how they\'re important has been a little fuzzy.\r\n\r\nSo Ehrlich and his colleagues conducted a detailed analysis of the microbes in the guts of nearly 292 Danish people. There were 169 obese people in the group and 123 who were lean.\r\n\r\nFor starters, <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12506.html\" target=\"_blank\">as the scientists report</a> in this week\'s issue of the journal <em>Nature,</em> the results confirmed earlier findings.\r\n\r\n\"The lean people had higher microbial diversity than the obese people,\" Ehrlich says. By more diversity, he means that the leaner folks had more intestinal bacteria — 40 percent more — and many more species of bacteria than the people who were fatter.\r\n\r\nWhen looking just at the obese people in the study, the scientists found the people with the least bacterial diversity were likelier than those with a greater variety of microbes to keep gaining weight during the nine years the researchers kept track.\r\n\r\nPerhaps even more surprising and important: People who had less microbial diversity — whatever their weight — were more likely to have a variety of risk factors for Type 2 diabetes, heart disease and cancer. Those risk factors included insulin resistance and inflammation.\r\n\r\n\"Even lean people who are poor in bacterial species have a higher risk of developing these pathologies,\" Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nAll this supports the ideas that eating a poor diet or taking lots of antibiotics may be factors in the obesity epidemic and associated health problems, in part, because of the way they affect our gut microbes, Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nIn fact, the researchers found evidence to support the role of diet in a <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12480.html\" target=\"_blank\">second paper</a> being published in the same issue of <em>Nature</em>. When they put 49 French people who were overweight or obese on a low-calorie diet for six weeks, the variety of the volunteers\' intestinal microbes became much richer.\r\n\r\n\"That gives hope that we can not only diagnose the risk but do something about it — intervene to alleviate the risk,\" Ehrlich says.\r\n\r\nMicrobiologist <a href=\"http://www.salk.edu/faculty/evans.html\" target=\"_blank\">Ronald Evans</a> of the Salk Institute in California, who wrote an <a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v500/n7464/full/nature12480.html\" target=\"_blank\">article accompanying the studies</a>, agrees. \"It shows that [even] if you are on the unhealthy side, with dietary intervention you can actually convert yourself back to the healthy side,\" Evans says. \"This bad state is reversible in a relatively simple way, which is diet.\"\r\n\r\nThe researchers also identified eight species of bacteria that appeared to be missing among the people whose microbes were depleted, raising the possibility of someday creating a probiotic that could help.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s very possible to make a brew that is the collection of the [richly diverse bacterial] population, put that into a probiotic pill and give that to people who have the poor population and see if the good ones can take over and actually transmit the healthy state,\" Evans says.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - August 28, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/08/28/216081342/diverse-gut-microbes-a-trim-waistline-and-health-go-together\">Audio Link</a>', 'Diverse Gut Microbes, A Trim Waistline And Health Go Together', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2667-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:09:03', '2013-09-17 02:09:03', '', 2667, 'http://jagjuice.us/2667-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2670, 3, '2013-09-05 19:09:26', '2013-09-06 02:09:26', '[caption id=\"attachment_2671\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/fatmouse.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2671 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"Dreaming of slimming gut microbes?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/fatmouse-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Dreaming of slimming gut microbes?[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe evidence just keeps mounting that the microbes in our digestive systems are a factor in the obesity epidemic.\r\n\r\nA team of European researchers recently <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/diverse-gut-microbes-a-trim-waistline-and-health-go-together/\">reported</a> they\'d found that obese people appeared to have less diverse microbes in their guts than did lean people. The research also showed that people with less diverse communities of gut microbes were more likely to be at risk for health problems associated with being overweight, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer.\r\n\r\nNow, U.S. researchers are reporting the results of some intriguing experiments involving mice that got new gut microbes through transplants. The source: obese and lean human twins. (By using twins, the researchers were trying to eliminate any genetic variation that could influence the results.)\r\n\r\nBiologist <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/\">Jeffrey Gordon</a>, of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and his colleagues removed bacteria from the guts of four pairs of human twins in which one was obese and the other was lean. The researchers then transplanted those microbes into the guts of lab mice who didn\'t have any of their own microbes.\r\n\r\nThe mice that got microbes from the obese twins gained more weight and accumulated more fat than those who got microbes from the lean twin, even when the mice ate identical diets, the researchers report in a <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6150/1241214\">paper in the journal</a> <em>Science</em>.\r\n\r\nNext, the scientists let the animals live together. And since eating each other\'s feces is a common habit among mice, they were soon exposed to each other\'s gut microbes. After 10 days, the researchers found that the mice with the obese microbes adopted the lean microbes and started to look healthier.\r\n\r\nAnd, finally, the researchers showed that the animals were unable to be colonized by the lean microbes when they were fed diets aimed at simulating a typical unhealthful Western diet high in saturated fats and low in fiber.\r\n\r\n\"We now have a way of ... thinking about what features of our unhealthy diets we could transform in ways that would encourage bacteria to establish themselves in our guts and do the jobs needed to improve our well-being,\" Gordon said in a statement.\r\n\r\nIn an <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6150/1069\" target=\"_blank\">article accompanying the report</a>, Alan Walker and Julian Parkhill of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Britain called the findings an \"intriguing\" step toward finding ways to fight obesity, including developing \"relatively simple mixtures of bacteria for testing as anti-obesity therapeutics.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 5, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/04/218932421/how-a-change-in-gut-microbes-can-affect-weight\">Audio Link</a>', 'How A Change In Gut Microbes Can Affect Weight', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'how-a-change-in-gut-microbes-can-affect-weight', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:09:07', '2014-03-14 22:09:07', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2670', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2671, 3, '2013-09-16 19:11:27', '2013-09-17 02:11:27', '', 'Fat mouse', 'Dreaming of slimming gut microbes?', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'fatmouse', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:11:27', '2013-09-17 02:11:27', '', 2670, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/fatmouse.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2672, 3, '2013-09-16 19:18:00', '2013-09-17 02:18:00', '[caption id=\"attachment_2671\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/fatmouse.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2671 \" style=\"margin-left: 8px; margin-right: 0px;\" alt=\"Dreaming of slimming gut microbes?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/fatmouse-300x224.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"224\" /></a> Dreaming of slimming gut microbes?[/caption]\r\n\r\nThe evidence just keeps mounting that the microbes in our digestive systems are a factor in the obesity epidemic.\r\n\r\nA team of European researchers recently <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/diverse-gut-microbes-a-trim-waistline-and-health-go-together/\">reported</a> they\'d found that obese people appeared to have less diverse microbes in their guts than did lean people. The research also showed that people with less diverse communities of gut microbes were more likely to be at risk for health problems associated with being overweight, including diabetes, heart disease and cancer.\r\n\r\nNow, U.S. researchers are reporting the results of some intriguing experiments involving mice that got new gut microbes through transplants. The source: obese and lean human twins. (By using twins, the researchers were trying to eliminate any genetic variation that could influence the results.)\r\n\r\nBiologist <a href=\"http://gordonlab.wustl.edu/\">Jeffrey Gordon</a>, of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, and his colleagues removed bacteria from the guts of four pairs of human twins in which one was obese and the other was lean. The researchers then transplanted those microbes into the guts of lab mice who didn\'t have any of their own microbes.\r\n\r\nThe mice that got microbes from the obese twins gained more weight and accumulated more fat than those who got microbes from the lean twin, even when the mice ate identical diets, the researchers report in a <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6150/1241214\">paper in the journal</a> <em>Science</em>.\r\n\r\nNext, the scientists let the animals live together. And since eating each other\'s feces is a common habit among mice, they were soon exposed to each other\'s gut microbes. After 10 days, the researchers found that the mice with the obese microbes adopted the lean microbes and started to look healthier.\r\n\r\nAnd, finally, the researchers showed that the animals were unable to be colonized by the lean microbes when they were fed diets aimed at simulating a typical unhealthful Western diet high in saturated fats and low in fiber.\r\n\r\n\"We now have a way of ... thinking about what features of our unhealthy diets we could transform in ways that would encourage bacteria to establish themselves in our guts and do the jobs needed to improve our well-being,\" Gordon said in a statement.\r\n\r\nIn an <a href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/341/6150/1069\" target=\"_blank\">article accompanying the report</a>, Alan Walker and Julian Parkhill of the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Britain called the findings an \"intriguing\" step toward finding ways to fight obesity, including developing \"relatively simple mixtures of bacteria for testing as anti-obesity therapeutics.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 5, 2013 - Rob Stein - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/04/218932421/how-a-change-in-gut-microbes-can-affect-weight\">Audio Link</a>', 'How A Change In Gut Microbes Can Affect Weight', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2670-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:18:00', '2013-09-17 02:18:00', '', 2670, 'http://jagjuice.us/2670-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2673, 3, '2013-09-09 19:26:25', '2013-09-10 02:26:25', '[caption id=\"attachment_2674\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/HMP_call-this-living.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2674\" alt=\"You call this living?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/HMP_call-this-living-300x214.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" /></a> You call this living?[/caption]\r\n\r\nLook in the mirror and you won\'t see your microbiome. But it\'s there with you from the day you are born. Over time, those bacteria, viruses and fungi multiply until they outnumber your own cells 10 to 1.\r\n\r\nAs babies, the microbes may teach our immune systems how to fight off bad bugs that make us sick and ignore things that aren\'t a threat.\r\n\r\nWe get our first dose of microbes from our mothers, both in the birth canal and in breast milk. Family members tend to have similar microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"The mother\'s microbiome has actually poised itself over nine months to basically become the prime source of microbes to the infant,\" says Lita Proctor, director of the Human Microbiome Project at the National Institutes of Health.\r\n\r\nBut ultimately each person\'s microbiome seems to be unique, perhaps as personal as a fingerprint.\r\n\r\nAs the microbes colonize our bodies, they pick specialized real estate. The mouth, with all those moist nooks and crannies, is home to one of the most diverse habitats, like the Amazon jungle.\r\n\r\nWet places like our armpits are lush, too. But they have different microbes than those in the mouth.\r\n\r\nThe armpit microbes feast on nutrients in sweat, Proctor says, and produce antimicrobial compounds to protect the skin against harmful microbes.\r\n\r\nOther body parts are like the Sahara Desert to your microbes. That forearm skin, for example, is dry — very dry. But even that driest habitat is brimming with microbes.\r\n\r\nFeet have oily parts and dry parts, and it\'s those wet parts that the foot fungus just loves.\r\n\r\nBut the biggest habitat is the gut. It hosts the most complex and diverse group of microbes. Everything that microbes are doing elsewhere in the body, they\'re doing in the gut, in spades.\r\n\r\nDiverse as these habitats are, the microbes on the various body parts communicate with each other and with our cells. Scientists have started eavesdropping on those conversations, and have started testing them as possible treatments for diseases like Crohn\'s, multiple sclerosis and asthma.\r\n\r\nThis research is all really new. No one knows for sure what most of our microbes are doing. But many scientists now think that if we\'re going to remain healthy, we have to maintain the health and well-being of the ecosystems for our microbes.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 9, 2013 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/09/219381741/from-birth-our-microbes-become-as-personal-as-a-fingerprint\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'From Birth, Our Microbes Become As Personal As A Fingerprint', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'our-microbes-as-personal-fingerprints', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:08:56', '2014-03-14 22:08:56', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2673', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2674, 3, '2013-09-16 19:28:27', '2013-09-17 02:28:27', '', 'Human Microbiome', 'You call this living?', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'hmp_call-this-living', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:28:27', '2013-09-17 02:28:27', '', 2673, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/HMP_call-this-living.png', 0, 'attachment', 'image/png', 0),
(2675, 3, '2013-09-16 19:32:31', '2013-09-17 02:32:31', '[caption id=\"attachment_2674\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/HMP_call-this-living.png\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2674\" alt=\"You call this living?\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/HMP_call-this-living-300x214.png\" width=\"300\" height=\"214\" /></a> You call this living?[/caption]\r\n\r\nLook in the mirror and you won\'t see your microbiome. But it\'s there with you from the day you are born. Over time, those bacteria, viruses and fungi multiply until they outnumber your own cells 10 to 1.\r\n\r\nAs babies, the microbes may teach our immune systems how to fight off bad bugs that make us sick and ignore things that aren\'t a threat.\r\n\r\nWe get our first dose of microbes from our mothers, both in the birth canal and in breast milk. Family members tend to have similar microbiomes.\r\n\r\n\"The mother\'s microbiome has actually poised itself over nine months to basically become the prime source of microbes to the infant,\" says Lita Proctor, director of the Human Microbiome Project at the National Institutes of Health.\r\n\r\nBut ultimately each person\'s microbiome seems to be unique, perhaps as personal as a fingerprint.\r\n\r\nAs the microbes colonize our bodies, they pick specialized real estate. The mouth, with all those moist nooks and crannies, is home to one of the most diverse habitats, like the Amazon jungle.\r\n\r\nWet places like our armpits are lush, too. But they have different microbes than those in the mouth.\r\n\r\nThe armpit microbes feast on nutrients in sweat, Proctor says, and produce antimicrobial compounds to protect the skin against harmful microbes.\r\n\r\nOther body parts are like the Sahara Desert to your microbes. That forearm skin, for example, is dry — very dry. But even that driest habitat is brimming with microbes.\r\n\r\nFeet have oily parts and dry parts, and it\'s those wet parts that the foot fungus just loves.\r\n\r\nBut the biggest habitat is the gut. It hosts the most complex and diverse group of microbes. Everything that microbes are doing elsewhere in the body, they\'re doing in the gut, in spades.\r\n\r\nDiverse as these habitats are, the microbes on the various body parts communicate with each other and with our cells. Scientists have started eavesdropping on those conversations, and have started testing them as possible treatments for diseases like Crohn\'s, multiple sclerosis and asthma.\r\n\r\nThis research is all really new. No one knows for sure what most of our microbes are doing. But many scientists now think that if we\'re going to remain healthy, we have to maintain the health and well-being of the ecosystems for our microbes.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 9, 2013 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/09/219381741/from-birth-our-microbes-become-as-personal-as-a-fingerprint\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'From Birth, Our Microbes Become As Personal As A Fingerprint', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2673-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:32:31', '2013-09-17 02:32:31', '', 2673, 'http://jagjuice.us/2673-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2676, 3, '2013-09-09 19:43:01', '2013-09-10 02:43:01', '[caption id=\"attachment_2677\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/iverson_07.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2677\" alt=\"Billie Iverson, 86, of Cranston, R.I., recently underwent a transplant of intestinal microbes that likely saved her life.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/iverson_07-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Billie Iverson, 86, of Cranston, R.I., recently underwent a transplant of intestinal microbes that likely saved her life.[/caption]\r\n\r\nBillie Iverson may be getting up there, but for an 86-year-old, she\'s still plenty active.\r\n\r\n\"I take trips, and I go do my own shopping, and I take myself to the doctor,\" Iverson says. \"I do everything. I don\'t let anything stop me.\"\r\n\r\nBut one day, she got hit with something she\'d never experienced — the worst case of the runs ever.\r\n\r\nFor days at a time, off and on for weeks, the problem kept coming back. Iverson eventually got so weak, she ended up in a nursing home.\r\n\r\n\"I just thought maybe I wasn\'t going to make it,\" she says. \"I thought I was going to die.\"\r\n\r\nFinally, Iverson\'s daughter took her to see <a href=\"http://med.brown.edu/gastroenterology/Faculty/Kelly.html\" target=\"_blank\">Colleen Kelly</a>, a doctor at Brown University and the Women\'s Medicine Collaborative. Kelly knew right away what was going on.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s very classic, this pattern,\" Kelly says. \"We\'ve seen hundreds of cases over the last couple of years at our program.\"\r\n\r\nKelly\'s program specializes in the microbes that live in our digestive systems — trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other mostly helpful microbes whose genes scientists collectively call the .\r\n\r\nThe problem, she told Iverson, started when antibiotics prescribed for another health problem disrupted the community of benign organisms in her intestines, leaving her vulnerable to a really bad bug — a bacterium called Clostridium difficile.\r\n\r\n\"You can almost look at <em>C. diff</em> as ... the prototypical example,\" Kelly says, of how a disruption in the human microbiome can result in disease.\r\n\r\nKelly is among a growing number of doctors who are starting to use what scientists are learning about our microbiomes to help prevent, diagnose, and treat many illnesses. For Iverson, she proposed something that may sound pretty radical — what doctors call a <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants/\" target=\"_blank\">fecal transplant</a>.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s really almost like an organ transplant,\" Kelly says. \"You\'re taking this whole community of microorganisms from one person, [and] transplanting them into another person. Then these things ... take root, colonize and kind of restore that balance.\"\r\n\r\nIverson says she initially found the idea repulsive. But she felt so desperate that she agreed to try it.\r\n\r\n\"I was scared to death, honey,\" Iverson says. \"I\'m an old lady. I\'ve got one foot in the grave and the other on the banana peel.\"\r\n\r\nThe procedure turned out to be really easy. And it worked — virtually overnight. \"It stopped,\" Iverson says. \"Right away. I\'m feeling good now. I\'m feeling great.\"\r\n\r\nWhat happened to Iverson is the most dramatic example of how doctors are manipulating the microbiome in lots of ways to help lots of different kinds of patients.\r\n\r\nFor one thing, Kelly says doctors are testing the use of the transplants in other illnesses, such as colitis, Crohn\'s disease and diabetes. And there\'s even talk of trying the treatment for obesity.\r\n\r\n\"We\'re at a really interesting point in medicine where we\'ve come to appreciate the microbiome and that [these organisms] have really integral roles in ... energy metabolism, and immune function, and all of these other things,\" Kelly says.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, researchers are looking for more subtle ways to fix our microbiomes. For starters, they\'re trying to remove the \"yuk\" factor from microbiome transplants by figuring out exactly which microorganisms patients really need and giving them just those.\r\n\r\nAnd there\'s tons of research involving so-called probiotics — live cultures of supposedly beneficial microbes, typically included in yogurt or other foods or supplements. Probiotics are meant to be swallowed, in hopes that they\'ll outcompete pathogenic bacteria and restore a healthy balance.\r\n\r\n\"The evidence is really mounting to the point where I think it\'s undeniable that the ingestion of live bacteria — safe bacteria in high numbers — has an overall beneficial effect on human health,\" says <a href=\"http://publish.ucc.ie/researchprofiles/D010/chill\" target=\"_blank\">Colin Hill</a> of the University College Cork in Ireland.\r\n\r\nScientists are testing a long list of probiotics for a variety of health problems, including vaginal infections, colic in babies and weakened immune systems in the elderly. They\'re also studying so-called <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920376\" target=\"_blank\">prebiotics</a> — nondigestible carbohydrates meant as food for the good microbes.\r\n\r\nNow, anyone who walks into a grocery store these days knows that hundreds of prebiotic and probiotic products are already on the market. You can\'t watch TV or go on the Internet without hearing the kinds of claims the manufacturers of these products make.\r\n\r\nThe companies point to studies supporting their claims. But many experts say there are still questions about how safe such products are, how pure they are, and whether they really do what their makers say they do.\r\n\r\n\"All of those things together open up the opportunity for ... the equivalent of snake oil salesmen related to probiotics or microbial treatments, or fecal transplants or whatever,\" says of the University of California, Davis.\r\n\r\nAnd Eisen is not alone in his criticism. The Food and Drug Administration has big concerns. Those concerns include whether microbiome transplants might spread infections, or are being promoted for unproven uses, or whether they might actually increase the risk for some health problems.\r\n\r\n\"The gut microbiome can affect obesity, diabetes [and] a number of other disorders,\" says Jay Slater, director of the FDA\'s Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products. \"These are the kinds of concerns that would indicate that good long-term studies really should be done.\"\r\n\r\nSo the FDA requires that doctors who want to do microbiome transplants for anything other than <em>C. diff</em> treatment get FDA approval first. And physicians must warn patients that, even for <em>C. diff</em>, the treatment is still experimental. Scientists studying probiotics have to put them through the same careful testing that regular drugs go through.\r\n\r\nAll this is really frustrating for many scientists. They argue that these regulatory roadblocks are holding up research and making it too hard for patients to get microbiome transplants.\r\n\r\n\"People are dying of <em>C. diff</em>,\" says Kelly. \"And people are living in this really terrible state. I see people who\'ve lost their jobs, people who\'ve become depressed because of just the feeling of utter hopelessness. And I think it\'s really unethical to withhold the treatment from patients who need it.\"\r\n\r\nAs for Iverson, she agrees that anyone who needs such a transplant should be able to get one.\r\n\r\n\"I think it\'s terrific,\" she says. \"I think it\'s the best thing that ever happened. This is like a step to heaven having this done.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 9, 2013 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/10/216553408/microbe-transplants-treat-some-diseases-that-drugs-cant-fix\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'Microbe Transplants Treat Some Diseases That Drugs Can\'t Fix', '', 'draft', 'closed', 'open', '', 'microbe-transplants-treat-some-diseases-that-drugs-cant-fix', '', '', '2014-03-14 15:08:43', '2014-03-14 22:08:43', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=2676', 0, 'post', '', 0),
(2677, 3, '2013-09-16 19:45:17', '2013-09-17 02:45:17', '', 'Billie Iverson', 'Billie Iverson, 86, of Cranston, R.I., recently underwent a transplant of intestinal microbes that likely saved her life.', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', 'iverson_07', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:45:17', '2013-09-17 02:45:17', '', 2676, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/iverson_07.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(2678, 3, '2013-09-16 19:53:49', '2013-09-17 02:53:49', '[caption id=\"attachment_2677\" align=\"alignright\" width=\"300\"]<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/iverson_07.jpg\"><img class=\"size-medium wp-image-2677\" alt=\"Billie Iverson, 86, of Cranston, R.I., recently underwent a transplant of intestinal microbes that likely saved her life.\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/iverson_07-300x168.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" /></a> Billie Iverson, 86, of Cranston, R.I., recently underwent a transplant of intestinal microbes that likely saved her life.[/caption]\r\n\r\nBillie Iverson may be getting up there, but for an 86-year-old, she\'s still plenty active.\r\n\r\n\"I take trips, and I go do my own shopping, and I take myself to the doctor,\" Iverson says. \"I do everything. I don\'t let anything stop me.\"\r\n\r\nBut one day, she got hit with something she\'d never experienced — the worst case of the runs ever.\r\n\r\nFor days at a time, off and on for weeks, the problem kept coming back. Iverson eventually got so weak, she ended up in a nursing home.\r\n\r\n\"I just thought maybe I wasn\'t going to make it,\" she says. \"I thought I was going to die.\"\r\n\r\nFinally, Iverson\'s daughter took her to see <a href=\"http://med.brown.edu/gastroenterology/Faculty/Kelly.html\" target=\"_blank\">Colleen Kelly</a>, a doctor at Brown University and the Women\'s Medicine Collaborative. Kelly knew right away what was going on.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s very classic, this pattern,\" Kelly says. \"We\'ve seen hundreds of cases over the last couple of years at our program.\"\r\n\r\nKelly\'s program specializes in the microbes that live in our digestive systems — trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi and other mostly helpful microbes whose genes scientists collectively call the .\r\n\r\nThe problem, she told Iverson, started when antibiotics prescribed for another health problem disrupted the community of benign organisms in her intestines, leaving her vulnerable to a really bad bug — a bacterium called Clostridium difficile.\r\n\r\n\"You can almost look at <em>C. diff</em> as ... the prototypical example,\" Kelly says, of how a disruption in the human microbiome can result in disease.\r\n\r\nKelly is among a growing number of doctors who are starting to use what scientists are learning about our microbiomes to help prevent, diagnose, and treat many illnesses. For Iverson, she proposed something that may sound pretty radical — what doctors call a <a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/fda-backs-off-on-regulation-of-fecal-transplants/\" target=\"_blank\">fecal transplant</a>.\r\n\r\n\"It\'s really almost like an organ transplant,\" Kelly says. \"You\'re taking this whole community of microorganisms from one person, [and] transplanting them into another person. Then these things ... take root, colonize and kind of restore that balance.\"\r\n\r\nIverson says she initially found the idea repulsive. But she felt so desperate that she agreed to try it.\r\n\r\n\"I was scared to death, honey,\" Iverson says. \"I\'m an old lady. I\'ve got one foot in the grave and the other on the banana peel.\"\r\n\r\nThe procedure turned out to be really easy. And it worked — virtually overnight. \"It stopped,\" Iverson says. \"Right away. I\'m feeling good now. I\'m feeling great.\"\r\n\r\nWhat happened to Iverson is the most dramatic example of how doctors are manipulating the microbiome in lots of ways to help lots of different kinds of patients.\r\n\r\nFor one thing, Kelly says doctors are testing the use of the transplants in other illnesses, such as colitis, Crohn\'s disease and diabetes. And there\'s even talk of trying the treatment for obesity.\r\n\r\n\"We\'re at a really interesting point in medicine where we\'ve come to appreciate the microbiome and that [these organisms] have really integral roles in ... energy metabolism, and immune function, and all of these other things,\" Kelly says.\r\n\r\nAt the same time, researchers are looking for more subtle ways to fix our microbiomes. For starters, they\'re trying to remove the \"yuk\" factor from microbiome transplants by figuring out exactly which microorganisms patients really need and giving them just those.\r\n\r\nAnd there\'s tons of research involving so-called probiotics — live cultures of supposedly beneficial microbes, typically included in yogurt or other foods or supplements. Probiotics are meant to be swallowed, in hopes that they\'ll outcompete pathogenic bacteria and restore a healthy balance.\r\n\r\n\"The evidence is really mounting to the point where I think it\'s undeniable that the ingestion of live bacteria — safe bacteria in high numbers — has an overall beneficial effect on human health,\" says <a href=\"http://publish.ucc.ie/researchprofiles/D010/chill\" target=\"_blank\">Colin Hill</a> of the University College Cork in Ireland.\r\n\r\nScientists are testing a long list of probiotics for a variety of health problems, including vaginal infections, colic in babies and weakened immune systems in the elderly. They\'re also studying so-called <a href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20920376\" target=\"_blank\">prebiotics</a> — nondigestible carbohydrates meant as food for the good microbes.\r\n\r\nNow, anyone who walks into a grocery store these days knows that hundreds of prebiotic and probiotic products are already on the market. You can\'t watch TV or go on the Internet without hearing the kinds of claims the manufacturers of these products make.\r\n\r\nThe companies point to studies supporting their claims. But many experts say there are still questions about how safe such products are, how pure they are, and whether they really do what their makers say they do.\r\n\r\n\"All of those things together open up the opportunity for ... the equivalent of snake oil salesmen related to probiotics or microbial treatments, or fecal transplants or whatever,\" says of the University of California, Davis.\r\n\r\nAnd Eisen is not alone in his criticism. The Food and Drug Administration has big concerns. Those concerns include whether microbiome transplants might spread infections, or are being promoted for unproven uses, or whether they might actually increase the risk for some health problems.\r\n\r\n\"The gut microbiome can affect obesity, diabetes [and] a number of other disorders,\" says Jay Slater, director of the FDA\'s Division of Bacterial, Parasitic and Allergenic Products. \"These are the kinds of concerns that would indicate that good long-term studies really should be done.\"\r\n\r\nSo the FDA requires that doctors who want to do microbiome transplants for anything other than <em>C. diff</em> treatment get FDA approval first. And physicians must warn patients that, even for <em>C. diff</em>, the treatment is still experimental. Scientists studying probiotics have to put them through the same careful testing that regular drugs go through.\r\n\r\nAll this is really frustrating for many scientists. They argue that these regulatory roadblocks are holding up research and making it too hard for patients to get microbiome transplants.\r\n\r\n\"People are dying of <em>C. diff</em>,\" says Kelly. \"And people are living in this really terrible state. I see people who\'ve lost their jobs, people who\'ve become depressed because of just the feeling of utter hopelessness. And I think it\'s really unethical to withhold the treatment from patients who need it.\"\r\n\r\nAs for Iverson, she agrees that anyone who needs such a transplant should be able to get one.\r\n\r\n\"I think it\'s terrific,\" she says. \"I think it\'s the best thing that ever happened. This is like a step to heaven having this done.\"\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nNPR - September 9, 2013 - Rob Stern - <a href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/10/216553408/microbe-transplants-treat-some-diseases-that-drugs-cant-fix\" target=\"_blank\">Audio Link</a>', 'Microbe Transplants Treat Some Diseases That Drugs Can\'t Fix', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2676-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-09-16 19:53:49', '2013-09-17 02:53:49', '', 2676, 'http://jagjuice.us/2676-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(3155, 3, '2014-04-03 08:19:07', '2014-04-03 15:19:07', ' ', '', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', '3155', '', '', '2014-04-03 08:20:41', '2014-04-03 15:20:41', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?p=3155', 3, 'nav_menu_item', '', 0),
(3164, 3, '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '[RE WRITE &amp; ADD PRODUCT NAMES &amp; LINK TO INTERNAL PAGES]\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Soil Treatment Guidelines:\r\n\r\nPrepare the soil with lots of organic matter.\r\n\r\nSpray till wet with a solution of 1 ounce EM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water.  You can use a hose end spray and set at 1oz per gallon.\r\n\r\nEM•1<sup>®</sup> Foliar Treatment Guidelines:\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li>EM•1<sup>®</sup> foliar treatments are best applied in the morning before 10 am. and in the evening after 3pm.</li>\r\n	<li>A hose-end sprayer is recommended to use for application of the EM•1<sup>®</sup>. If a garden hose cannot access the garden a handheld or tank sprayer will work.</li>\r\n	<li>EM•1<sup>®</sup> can be added to water or foliar spray solutions that include liquid fertilizers, mineral supplements, or teas. Add the EM•1<sup>®</sup> to the spray solution just before application.</li>\r\n	<li>You can use 1oz per gallon to spray flowers.</li>\r\n	<li>For best results, spray at least once per week, but no more than once daily.</li>\r\n</ul>\r\nCut Flowers:\r\nOne of the biggest problems with cut flowers is that they wilt (called shrink in the floral industry). Florists use all kinds of synthetic products to treat and attempt to prevent this from happening. EM•1<sup>® </sup>is a great way to keep from having to use these chemicals at home, and the flowers with stay fresh longer too.\r\n\r\nJust add EM•1<sup>®</sup> to their water. It will keep the gunk from forming in the water and will also prevent the water from starting to smell, while keeping your cut flowers beautiful and fresh longer.\r\n\r\nExtend the bloom time of your favorite cut flowers by adding just 1 teaspoon of EM•1<sup>®</sup> per gallon of water.', 'Flowers', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1776-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '', 1776, 'http://jagjuice.us/1776-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(3192, 3, '2015-08-24 12:58:55', '2015-08-24 19:58:55', 'JagJuice is a highly concentrated blend beneficial micro-organisms used as an additive for farms and gardens. Produced through a natural fermentation process, JagJuice is a cost-effective alternative to chemical additives.  Many indoor growers report substantial savings with better results when substituting JagJuice for products they are currently using.\n\nUsing only natural organic ingredients, JagJuice contains a group of microorganisms which work synergistically together.  JagJuice was developed on the applied science principles of beneficial microorganisms developed in Japan over thirty years ago.   JagJuice contains enhanced levels of photosynthetic non-sulphur bacteria (PNSB) which have powerful detoxifying antioxidant properties that help enrich the soil and improve plant performance.\n\n<span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">Users have reported:</span>\n<ul>\n	<li>Greater and Quicker Seed Germination</li>\n	<li>Improvements in Crop Performance</li>\n	<li><span style=\"line-height: 1.5em;\">When used as foliar feed or in hydroponics, Improved Nutrient Uptake efficiency.</span></li>\n	<li>Bigger Blooms, Stronger Roots</li>\n</ul>\n<h3>100% Natural   No GMO.</h3>', 'JagJuice', '<p>Jag Juice - Growth Potentiator</p>', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '3143-autosave-v1', '', '', '2015-08-24 12:58:55', '2015-08-24 19:58:55', '', 3143, 'http://jagjuice.us/3143-autosave-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(3360, 3, '2015-08-22 20:39:14', '2015-08-23 03:39:14', '', '5 gal JagJuice', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'closed', '', '5-gal-sm', '', '', '2015-08-22 20:39:35', '2015-08-23 03:39:35', '', 3174, 'http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/5-gal-sm.jpg', 0, 'attachment', 'image/jpeg', 0),
(3161, 3, '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '<div class=\"sidebar-inner\">\r\n<aside class=\"widget\">\r\n<h4 class=\"widget-title\">Blog Categories</h4>\r\n<ul>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-208\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Discount\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/discount/\">Discount</a>\r\n</li>\r\n\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-289\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Human Microbiome\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/\">Human Microbiome</a>\r\n<ul class=\"children\">\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-295\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Babies\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/babies/\">Babies</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-308\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Food\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/food/\">Food</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-290\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Gut ecosystem\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/gut-ecosystem/\">Gut ecosystem</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-311\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Obesity\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/obesity/\">Obesity</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-291\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Research\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/human-microbiome/research/\">Research</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-209\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Lifestyle\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/lifestyle/\">Lifestyle</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-211\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Other\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/other/\">Other</a>\r\n</li>\r\n<li class=\"cat-item cat-item-1\">\r\n<a title=\"View all posts filed under Uncategorized\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/category/uncategorized/\">Uncategorized</a>\r\n</li>\r\n</ul>\r\n</aside>', 'Blog', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1629-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '', 1629, 'http://jagjuice.us/1629-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(3162, 3, '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '<h2><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>Probiotics for Healthy, Happy Pets</b></span></h2>\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/A-cat-and-a-dog-007.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft  wp-image-2843\" style=\"border: 0px none; margin: 6px;\" alt=\"Companion Animals\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/A-cat-and-a-dog-007.jpg\" width=\"167\" height=\"108\" /></a>All living systems -- including animals -- have a microbial ecology that can be managed and improved by the constant delivery of probiotics. Unlike antibiotics, which act to kill the bad bacteria (and with it, many of the good bacteria as well), probiotics repopulate the host environment with healthy microbes. As a liquid additive in the food or water source, Probiotics works to restore the healthy balance of bacteria in animals.\r\n\r\nSCD Probiotics provides products that will keep your companion animals healthier and happier. <strong><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/product-category/companion-animals/\">Buy Now</a></strong>!', 'Companion Animals', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1768-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '', 1768, 'http://jagjuice.us/1768-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(3163, 3, '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '<h2><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>Probiotics for Healthy Horses</b></span></h2>\r\n<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Horse-chestnut.jpg\"><img class=\"alignleft  wp-image-2844\" style=\"border: 0px none; margin: 6px;\" alt=\"Horse\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/Horse-chestnut-288x300.jpg\" width=\"173\" height=\"180\" /></a>All living systems -- including animals -- have a microbial ecology that can be managed and improved by the constant delivery of probiotics. Unlike antibiotics, which act to kill the bad bacteria (and with it, many of the good bacteria as well), probiotics repopulate the host environment with healthy microbes. As a liquid additive in the food or water source, Probiotics works to restore the healthy balance of bacteria in horses.\r\n\r\nSCD Probiotics provides products that will keep your horses healthier and happier. <b><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/product-category/equine-health/\" target=\"_blank\">Buy Now</a>!</b>', 'Equine', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '1788-revision-v1', '', '', '2014-04-03 08:36:35', '2014-04-03 15:36:35', '', 1788, 'http://jagjuice.us/1788-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
(2772, 9, '2013-09-30 21:37:17', '2013-10-01 04:37:17', '', 'Variation #2772 of SCD Essential Probiotics™', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'product-2376-variation-2', '', '', '2013-09-30 21:37:17', '2013-10-01 04:37:17', '', 2376, 'http://jagjuice.us/?product_variation=product-2376-variation-2', 1, 'product_variation', '', 0),
(2976, 1, '2013-11-01 14:25:09', '2013-11-01 21:25:09', '<h2>Testimonial Human Health</h2>\r\n<center>Testimonial of Sachiko Kawamoto from Torrance, California –\r\nUser of SCD Probiotics for 18 years and\r\nSCD Probiotics customer since before 2001</center>It has been 18 years since I was introduced to SCD Probiotics for the human health. Today I am alive because of SCD Probiotics. Not only for human health but to cure the polluted earth, it is very important to recognize, study, and research probio-technology.\r\n\r\nI would like to share my testimonial on how I applied SCD Probiotics for my recovery from terminal stage of cancer. By sharing my testimonial with others, I hope it would improve their conditions of illness. I touched many people, some people prolonged their life, and many people used it with chemotherapy to decrease side effects. Other people’s symptoms were lifted and helped their recovery.\r\n\r\nWhen I was introduced to probiotics it was not highly recognized like today. It was new to me and at same time I was diagnosed with terminal stage colon cancer. I had surgery and the doctors told me that, I will live for only one year because I stopped my chemotherapy in four months. I was introduced to SCD Probiotics when I enrolled for the research trials at UCLA immunologist who was doing research on NK cell activity on cancer cells. After taking probiotics, I got more energy and can eat well gradually. My NK cell activity result rose from 20 to 60. I am able to involve more activities with my family like shopping, cooking, and many more. At same time my mental stage changed, I had hope. I can live a meaningful life with a purpose.\r\n\r\nWhen I found out that probiotic technology application can be used for other area such as farming, environment cleaning, teaching, food production, manufacturing, and much more; I worked with a group of people to make kitchen foods compost, and introduced a school to make little garden with cafeteria compost with probio-technology.\r\n\r\nI also worked with organic farmers and introduced probio-technology. They have been using it for the last 7 years.I had an opportunity to have my booth in a World Agricultural Show for the last three years. I had introduced probio-technology in a cancer show.\r\n\r\nI also had an opportunity to introduce probio-technology for a lagoon treatment but they could not accept probio-technology. Reason was they said it takes too much money and they showed fear that this might not work. I had a couple of conventional farmers through the World Agricultural Show. They are now using probio-technology with a conventional method which is drip irrigation they spray to the product. My new customers show their interest to probio-technology by growing mushrooms. Also, one hatchery business is testing for pond allergy control.\r\n\r\nAs also shared with a client, she survived her terminal breast cancer taking chemotherapy and Xtra Immunity®. It has been almost 3 years and I hope she will continue to take the product and wouldn’t have a relapse.\r\n\r\nI like to close my testimonial now. To promote probio-technology to the world is my mission. This is a unique probiotics product, only one kind in the world. It is important to cure our home, the earth. We all have to work together, and our mind has to be there to recognize the new probio-technology.\r\n\r\nSachiko Kawamoto', 'Probiotics & Cancer', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'probiotics-cancer', '', '', '2013-11-01 14:26:50', '2013-11-01 21:26:50', '', 2978, 'http://jagjuice.us/?page_id=2976', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(2771, 3, '2013-09-30 20:28:35', '2013-10-01 03:28:35', '', 'Variation #2771 of SCD Essential Probiotics™', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'product-2376-variation', '', '', '2013-09-30 20:28:35', '2013-10-01 03:28:35', '', 2376, 'http://jagjuice.us/?product_variation=product-2376-variation', 0, 'product_variation', '', 0);
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(2780, 9, '2013-09-30 22:51:06', '2013-10-01 05:51:06', '', 'Variation #2780 of SCD Probiotics Soil Enrichment', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'product-2433-variation', '', '', '2013-09-30 22:51:06', '2013-10-01 05:51:06', '', 2433, 'http://jagjuice.us/?product_variation=product-2433-variation', 0, 'product_variation', '', 0),
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(2785, 9, '2013-10-01 18:18:25', '2013-10-02 01:18:25', '', 'Variation #2785 of SCD Probiotics Body Guard &#8211; Tropical', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'product-2439-variation', '', '', '2013-10-01 18:18:25', '2013-10-02 01:18:25', '', 2439, 'http://jagjuice.us/?product_variation=product-2439-variation', 0, 'product_variation', '', 0),
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(2796, 9, '2013-10-01 19:24:03', '2013-10-02 02:24:03', '', 'Variation #2796 of SCD Bio Klean™', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'open', '', 'product-2792-variation-2', '', '', '2013-10-01 19:24:03', '2013-10-02 02:24:03', '', 2792, 'http://jagjuice.us/?product_variation=product-2792-variation-2', 1, 'product_variation', '', 0),
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(3014, 9, '2013-11-04 12:55:58', '2013-11-04 20:55:58', '<b>Digestion </b>is the mechanical and chemical breakdown of food into smaller components that are more easily absorbed into a blood stream, for instance. Digestion is a form of catabolism: a breakdown of large food molecules to smaller ones.<a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/digestion-page.jpeg\"><img class=\" wp-image-3029 alignright\" style=\"border: 0px none; margin: 6px;\" alt=\"digestion-page\" src=\"http://jagjuice.us/wp-content/uploads/digestion-page.jpeg\" width=\"220\" height=\"146\" /></a>\r\n\r\nFood enters the mouth, being chewed by teeth, with chemical processing beginning with chemicals in the saliva from the salivary glands. This is called mastication. Then it travels down the esophagus into the stomach, where hydrochloric acid kills most contaminating microorganisms and begins mechanical breakdown of some food (e.g., denaturation of protein), and chemical alteration of some. The hydrochloric acid also has a low pH, which allows enzymes to work more efficiently. After some time (typically an hour or two in humans, 4–6 hours in dogs, somewhat shorter duration in house cats), the resulting thick liquid is called chyme. Chyme will go through the small intestine, where 95% of absorption of nutrients occurs, through the large intestine, and are eliminated during defecation.\r\n\r\n<b>Human Digestion Process </b>\r\n\r\nThe whole digestive system is around 30 feet long. In a healthy human adult this process can take between 24 and 72 hours. Food digestion physiology varies between individuals and upon other factors such as the characteristics of the food and size of the meal.\r\n\r\n<b>Human Gastrointestinal Tract </b>\r\n\r\nThe human gastrointestinal tract refers to the stomach and intestine, and sometimes to all the structures from the mouth to the anus. (The \"digestive system\" is a broader term that includes other structures, including the accessory organs of digestion).\r\n\r\nIn an adult male human, the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is 20 feet long in a live subject, or up to 30 feet without the effect of muscle tone, and consists of the upper and lower GI tracts. The tract may also be divided into foregut, midgut, and hindgut, reflecting the embryological origin of each segment of the tract.\r\n\r\n<b>Transit Time </b>\r\n\r\nThe time taken for food or other ingested objects to transit through the gastrointestinal tract varies depending on many factors, but roughly, it takes 2.5 to 3 hours after meal for 50% of stomach contents to empty into the intestines and total emptying of the stomach takes 4 to 5 hours. Subsequently, 50% emptying of the small intestine takes 2.5 to 3 hours. Finally, transit through the colon takes approximately 30 hours.\r\n\r\n<b>Good digestion and reduction in meal sizes may reduce the waistline.</b>\r\n\r\nThere are three ways to improve digestion\r\n<ol>\r\n	<li>Increase healthy foods to your diet, like fresh fruits and vegetables, green salads,, fresh fish and seafood, fermented food and whole grains</li>\r\n	<li>Reduce unhealthy foods from your diet, like: fast food, processed foods, sugar and confectionery, soft drinks, junk foods and heavily fried foods</li>\r\n	<li>Add food high in probiotics or a probiotic supplement to your diet.</li>\r\n</ol>\r\n<b>Probiotics for health</b>\r\n\r\nTo keep your intestinal tract in optimal working order, it needs lots of good bacteria. There are only three types of basic bacteria in our digestive systems, so the \"good bacteria\" balances the pH of the intestinal tract and creates an undesirable environment for pathogenic bacteria.\r\n\r\nIn addition to your digestive health, probiotics have been shown in research to help in the battle against a wide variety of medical conditions and immune system during cold and flu season. Today, many of the probiotic supplements fall short on bacteria content. But with the help of a few easy-to-find foods, you can increase the number of beneficial bacteria in your digestive tract and skip the supplements altogether.\r\n\r\nProbiotics from SCD, <strong><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/product-category/human-health/\" target=\"_blank\">SCD Probiotics products</a></strong> – SCD Essential Probiotics®, SCD Herbal Probiotics® and Xtra Immunity® – offer three ways to support increased personal wellness. There do not fall short of good bacteria needed to maintain a healthy digestive system\r\n\r\nRead the blog 13 Probiotic Filled Foods for more ways to add probiotics to your diet.', 'Digestion', '', 'trash', 'closed', 'open', '', 'digestion', '', '', '2014-03-13 20:25:09', '2014-03-14 03:25:09', '', 3058, 'http://jagjuice.us/?page_id=3014', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(3015, 1, '2013-11-04 12:35:55', '2013-11-04 20:35:55', '<h1>Human Health</h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li><strong><a title=\"Edit “Probiotics &amp; Cancer”\" href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/probiotics-cancer/\">Probiotics &amp; Cancer </a></strong></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/probiotics-boosts-energy/\"><strong>Probiotics boosts energy</strong></a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/skin-has-improved-amazingly/\"><strong>Skin has improved amazingly with SCD Probiotics</strong></a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/probiotics-improved-asthma-hemorrhoids-nails/\"><strong>Probiotics improved asthma, hemorrhoids, nails</strong></a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h1>Agriculture</h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/probiotics-for-citrus-orchard-disease-cankers-and-greening/\"><strong>Probiotics for Citrus Orchard Disease (Cankers and Greening)</strong></a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/vineyard-experiences-30-increase-in-yield/\"><strong>Vineyard experiences 30% increase in yield, excellent flavor</strong></a></li>\r\n</ul>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h1>Animal Agriculture</h1>\r\n<ul>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/scd-probiotics-cattle-and-turkey-farms/\"><strong>SCD Probiotics – Cattle and Turkey Farms</strong></a></li>\r\n	<li><a href=\"http://jagjuice.us/testimonials/scd-probiotics-technology-broiler-chickens/\"><strong>SCD Probiotics Technology – Broiler Chickens</strong></a></li>\r\n</ul>', 'Testimonials', '', 'inherit', 'closed', 'open', '', '2978-revision-v1', '', '', '2013-11-04 12:35:55', '2013-11-04 20:35:55', '', 2978, 'http://jagjuice.us/2978-revision-v1/', 0, 'revision', '', 0),
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(2903, 10, '2013-10-04 02:12:25', '2013-10-04 09:12:25', 'I am taking the time to write to you (and I warn you that this is going to be lengthy, so grab a cup of coffee) about Max and how he is doing on your range of Probiotics, as I think it is very important for ALL dog owners to provide their dog with a probiotic, and one that works! The recovery that Max is achieving in such a short period of time is nothing short of amazing! Please do feel free to give my telephone number out as a reference if ever you have any dog owner, veterinary specialist, etc. who is skeptical about your products.\r\n\r\nBefore I start, it is important to give you a background on Max. Max turned 3 in September this year. I got Max as a puppy at the age of 7 weeks – the breeder works on a “weight” basis and not an age basis – so, if a puppy is more than 4.5kg they are “ready” to go to their new homes. Max is a large German shepherd – currently he weighs 49kg – and this is a perfect weight for him. Anyway, I got Max when he was 7 weeks old, and I have battled with him from day 1. The breeder had already weaned Max onto Mera Dog Food. You will be wondering what on earth has this to do with anything, just take note and continue reading and all will be revealed, ingredients: maize; poultry meat meal; rice; barley; animal fat; dried sugar beet pulp; greaves meal; linseed; maize gluten; brewer‘s yeast; dried egg; hydrolyzed animal protein; salmon oil; sodium chloride; sunflower oil; mono-calcium phosphate; calcium carbonate; chicory powder (rich in inulin); yeast extract (rich in -glucans); and mussel flesh powder (17 ingredients excluding minerals added). I kept Max on this diet only long enough to wean him onto a Natural Food that I usually feed (Vondi’s), as I felt that, and still feel, that all dogs should be eating a natural diet, taking note the number of ingredients in the Vondi’s were 22 ingredients. In addition, I now realize and understand that Puppies require a “more specialized diet” than just a commercial branded dog food, or natural dog food).\r\n\r\nWithin the first week of getting Max, I had to take him to the vet for what appeared to be (for the lack of a better word) “Jock Rash of note”! He was diagnosed as having a Staph infection and we were given Antibiotics and a Medicated Shampoo; then, infection cleared.\r\n\r\nAfter a good couple of months of repeated infections and repeated antibiotics, I was frustrated and I took him to a Specialist Diagnostic Veterinarian – you can not imagine the costs of this – anyway he was treated for more than a year with the Specialist and who also did pretty much the same, scraped the lesions, looked at them under a microscope, confirmed it was Staph, and prescribed antibiotics. That was our life then, instead the number of infections grew continually and the duration of antibiotics increased i.e. initially it was a week of antibiotics; by the 3rd year, a course of antibiotics could be anything up to 6 WEEKS of antibiotics. Max would be clear for 2 weeks and then the infection would start all over again and more antibiotics for anything up to 6 weeks. With Staph, you have to continue with the Antibiotics until ALL lesions have disappeared, you can not even leave a single lesion behind.\r\n\r\nDuring this 3 year period, we tried anything and everything we came across, while I continued to study on why this happens to dogs and what is the root cause – I figured if I could find out “WHY”? I could go back to that point in time and start from there and see if I could heal him. During the 3 years, he was Allergy Tested (blood sent overseas) and they came back with a LONG list of food and environmental allergies then, I removed all those food items from his diet and started him on their “Desensitisation Program”, he was injected over a period of 10 months with the environmental allergy serums that were made up for him. Initially, they are injected every 2nd day with a small amount from vial 1, and as the time progresses the amount of injection increases and the frequency decreases and you move onto the next vial which is stronger and the next with is stronger and so forth – well, this produced no joy. The infections continued and worsened. We also tried a Homeopathic Remedy – again blood was sent to a lab, and a special serum was made for max based on his blood – they do not tell you in this test what he is allergic to, this test looks for markers in the blood and bases the remedy on the markers present in the blood. I will tell you that this treatment was the best in that it did help a lot. For the first time ever, my dog now had hair growing in which before he was bald in places, and looked really dreadful!\r\n\r\nIn the meantime (in year 2), Max had now also become allergic to every single shampoo on the market, so I had nothing to bath him with. Everything I tried resulted in an angry bright red dog – even the hypoallergenic shampoos! The heat that his body generated was phenomenal – you could hold your hands above his skin and just feel the heat coming off his skin. Every time I bathed him, he had a dreadful reaction: red angry skin, hives, worse scratching, etc. Now bathing a dog with a skin condition is very important (I had learnt this from ALL my research). Firstly, it removes allergens that are on the dog’s coat; secondly, dogs with severe Staph infections smell bad; and lastly, it helps to remove some of the Staph on the body - so it helps. It is imperative; however, that the shampoo used does not strip the oils from a dog’s skin! From all my research, I had learnt that dogs suffering from Atopic Dermatitis have an “impaired skin barrier” and that they usually lack Ceramide 1, this is the ceramide responsible for a process called “Apoptosis” (preprogrammed time in which cells die), they also lack certain fatty acids in their skin and have excessive cholesterol in the skin, they have an increased TEWL (trans epidermal water loss), and a heterogeneous lipid lamella. Eventually, I embarked on hiring a Human Pharmaceutical company to help me develop a shampoo that could be used every day if needed which would not strip anything from a dog’s skin and coat, and that no matter how sensitive the skin was, it would not produce a reaction. Now, this process alone was more than I ever bargained for, amongst the LONG list of everything that Max is allergic to he is allergic to CORN. The extent of this corn allergy is HUGE. Corn is contained in just about everything; when you go shopping, look at the ingredients listed on anything and sometimes it is hidden i.e. Cetearyl Alcohol is made with Cetyl Alcohol and Stearic Acid, then Stearic Acid is made from CORN. Cetearyl Alcohol is usually used as an emulsifier in shampoos, creams, etc. Even Glycerin can be made from corn. Propylene Glycol is made from corn and I can sit here for the rest of the day writing about how corn is used in everything (toothpaste, yogurt). Imagine after dozens of trial formulations and reaction, we eventually after more than a year got the “shampoo” right! I am not joking telling you that we tested every ingredient on the market and even imported ingredients to try out i.e. a Chickory Emulsifier; and you definitely do not want to know the cost of this. Sometimes, I would do a spot test on Max and he would seem fine, and then I would wash him completely and he would react badly and require Antihistamines. It was a massive and expensive process but, I now had a shampoo that I could bath him with; good thing he does not react to it.\r\n\r\nGoing along with the Shampoo and Homeopathic Injections (twice a week) and my dog has hair and his coat feels and looks fantastic, and I am alternating with Probiotics from all sources (Reuteri, Lactic acid, and Bifidobacterium). My bank manager (husband) keeps having serious words with me i.e. we have eliminated all the food items Max can be allergic to and Max is still continuing to have his Staph outbreaks. However, I am hedging all bets on the Homeopathic Remedy becoming 100% effective and next thing we hit a big wobbly. Max who was able (up to now) to eat rice now reacts to rice, the same with the Lentils, Split Peas, and Barley – it is so bad that he goes into Gastric distress within about 10 minutes of eating. He starts panting and if you hold your hands above his shoulders, you can feel a hot area around the shoulder area, which as the food moves through his body you can follow the heat along his spine area and it moves down to the area above the hips. If you listen to his stomach, it sounds like a washing machine going on in there, every day his poo (sorry) is different and sometimes so smelly, sometimes runny, sometimes it is OK. Clearly, the dog is now going backwards again.\r\n\r\nI started trying to find a company (overseas) that can do more extensive food allergy blood tests as I want every single food tested against his blood to rule out the offending foods. Sadly, there is no company worldwide who can do this since they have their set food tests that they do and cannot just test every food I ask them to test and they told me to do an elimination diet. I started researching every single food and I researched WHAT is in the food, because now I am convinced that Max is reacting to a certain triggering element in the food. I created a database spreadsheet with all this information. Foods contain certain things that we do not “know” about i.e. Pumpkin and Spinach release Histamine in the body, some foods contain high levels of Histidine (an essential amino acid) and enzymes break this amino acid down into Histamine (fish, not that Max ate fish as he was tested positive for it, but also certain meats are high in Histidine), blueberries, cranberries (yes, Max ate them…), and so forth. Some foods contain Oxalates, some contain Glutens, Lectins, Saponins, Benzoic Acid, some foods contain Salicylates (and here was where I reached a major breakthrough, I go back to all the positive allergy tests and start researching those plants, trees, weeds, grasses, fungi, etc. and compared them to the foods he tested positive to and I suddenly realized that almost everything he is allergic to is high is Salicylic acid). I even go as far as to calculate the “Glycemic Load Index’s” and “Inflammatory Factor” on every food item (HILARY, I AM SURE THAT YOU ARE LAUGHING YOUR ASS OFF RIGHT NOW… ). I reach a ground breaking decision to eliminate all foods high in Histidine or releasers of Histamine (you do not want too much Histamine in the body if you are an allergy sufferer); and to check my theory, I will also eliminate all foods containing Salicylic Acid. I formulated a balanced diet for Max, which I must tell you even buying Vitamin supplements, etc. you have to be very careful as many vitamins are derived from food items. So, just getting the right vitamins, minerals, etc. to add into his diet was another major achievement (I will not detail the costs of this) as I had to purchase each and try it and see what the result was. It was difficult as even a Calcium supplement will have vitamin B6 added to it, which is a stable vitamin, and you do not want to overdose even on Vitamins. However, since I want to keep this as short as possible, I have eliminated this bit about how difficult and expensive it was just to find the right supplements to use to balance his diet. Okay then, I formulated a balanced diet (this takes hours) and I make it up and feed Max and BAM gastric distress. I formulated another and same thing, another and same thing, and another and same thing. I then come to a ground breaking conclusion that Max is now also a Gluten Intolerant. I started studying everything I can on Celiac Disease and Gluten intolerance, and I learned about the small intestine and atrophy of the Villi. I decided to eliminate all Gluten from his diet, and no joy – still gastric distress. I carried on studying and in the meantime, I am running out of options on what to feed Max, and I am becoming convinced that this dog is going to die if I do not find a solution. I discovered a website hosted by Professor Donald Strombeck and reached my all time high on WHY and WHAT happened to Max! I must tell you at this point in time that I have read the entire books – Small Animal Dermatology (ONLINE), Nutritional Requirements of Dogs and Cats (ONLINE), and many more. I am exhausted, I am frustrated, my “bank manager” and I are going to get divorced, my dog is seriously sick, and I finally discover Prof. Donald Strombeck! I read everything I can on this and I learned about the very simple process called “Adaptation”. I will not go into details in this letter – too involved, but the basis is (I have no idea why I never thought of this as I did this with my own baby) when a puppy is weaned too early from the mother (for whatever reason, necessity or sadly “greed”), and they are started on solids too early which are too complicated i.e. too many ingredients, the body is unable to manage ALL these different food items. I will prepare a paper on this life long work of Professor Strombeck for you to give out to clients who have dogs that they are battling with. When I weaned my baby, I first introduced a bit (teaspoon) of rice cereal to her milk, and gradually this was increased to a breakfast of rice cereal, and after a week I added a bit of Pureed Pears, and so I continued introducing one food at a time and avoiding all difficult to digest foods, or foods that could trigger allergies i.e. I was told not to give her carrots, and especially no nuts, peanut butter, etc. until she was over 2. I was even told to hold on giving strawberries until she was much older.\r\n\r\nUp till now the only 2 food items that Max appears to tolerate is Sweet Potatoes and Ostrich. I tried everything even Couscous, Millet, Tapioca (which cooking it was a joke it took 3 failed attempts to get it right), Quinoa, all types of rice, potatoes, Butternut, Broccoli, you name it. I formulated the diet over and over, and the only 2 food items he can currently tolerate are Sweet Potatoes and Ostrich.\r\n\r\nAnd suddenly the light at the end of the tunnel was bright, Max was weaned early and to compound issues he was also born in spring (September in our Country), which means high pollen and allergen load for his body to already have to deal with. He was one of 8 puppies in the litter. I got him when he had just turned 7 weeks old, so the breeder had to have weaned him early, when his digestive system was too immature to handle a variety of different foods. The Mera food contained 14 different ingredients (excluding Minerals, etc. – which we now know can also come from food items), I then compounded the problem by weaning him over to Vondi’s – which is 22 ingredients (excluding supplements). Between the Breeder and me we had literally destroyed this dog’s digestive tract.\r\n\r\nI then started on a process of studying everything I could about the small intestine (this is the “Ruler of the WHOLE body”), Colon, and the Thymus Gland – this is the “Ruler of the Immune System”. I discovered how to repair the small intestine and to regenerate the Thymus (which shrinks as we all age). I studied everything I could on SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) and stopped studying everything I was on T1 and T2 immune responses, cytokines, IGE, IL4, IL2, and so forth. I discovered that all the probiotics I was putting into my dog were worthless, and that they are in the billions of cfu as they need to be. As firstly they die on the shelf and in processing (they are dried - not good) and no company can guarantee you their viability, so to counteract this they make them in the billions of cfu’s (colony forming units). I discovered so much conflicting research i.e. some advocate feeding only 1 strain at a time (which was what I was doing where possible, but some contained more than 1 strain) and other research suggested feeding multiple strains. Then I discovered the SCD Range, was multiple strains, with Soil Based Organisms, and each worked synergistically with each other. During my research, I always come across so much information (which you were not looking for, but end up reading) and I find interesting articles on numerous theories on why “Dogs eat grass”. I have always believed from watching Max, if he grazed the tops off the grass he never vomited and I put this down to looking for chlorophyll or other nutrients. If he physically ripped it out of the ground and ate the roots, sometimes he would vomit and the next day it would all be in his stool (I am a “poo analyst”) and there would be soil, chunks of roots, etc.\r\n\r\nThe current theories on why “Dogs Eat Grass” are:\r\n\r\nTo Induce Vomiting – However, researched that: According to a recent study by SJ Bjoner at the University of New England in Australia, of a total of 1399 dogs that ate grass only six dogs vomited afterwards. This is supported by numerous other studies in which researchers and veterinarians have been devoted to this topic. It can therefore be assumed that eating grass does not serve as an emetic in the dog.\r\nVitamin deficiency or dietary fiber? - \"It could be an indication of insufficient minerals or vitamins in the diet\" – Researched: Most dogs only eat grass on a very irregular basis, so the theory of vitamin deficiency can not be corroborated. Moreover, even dogs eating a balanced diet ate grass and the intake was too low to balance any deficiency. So, it is also not that!\r\nLatest Current Theory: Furthermore, it was obtained through extensive observations and tests that grass eating behavior is found in both wolves and dogs it is assumed that this behavior has been preserved in spite of domestication of dogs. Thus, it is innate, with the eating habits of the mother dog reinforcing the eating habits of her puppy. So, it seems that dogs eat grass as a relic of species-specific dietary patterns, which appear to us humans very strange, because we often see the dog as a pure carnivore. They theorize that dogs are looking for vegetation in their diet.\r\nTHEY ARE ALL WRONG: MY THEORY: Dogs eat grass to get the Soil Based Organisms.\r\n\r\nI also found an interesting article on “why is it that when you bath your dog the first thing (annoyingly) that he or she does is to run off and roll in the dirt and sand or grass. It was, until now theorized that, they have very sensitive noses and that they do not like the smell of the shampoo. Recently, it was discovered (I need to go back and find that research points) that they do this to get the soil based organisms back on their body, which if you think about it logically - when did you last see a wolf, jackal, coyote, wild dog, etc. with a skin condition? They sleep in the sand.\r\n\r\nLet’s go back a bit to the eating grass issue. I can not tell you how many times I took Max to the Vet where he was literally not just “mowing” the lawn like a grazing cow, he was pulling it out in great chunks and leaving small craters everywhere, and even eating the soil (we have clay soil where we live). I was told that “yes, they sometimes do this at this time of the year; it is probably because they are trying to purge toxins or looking for something missing in their diet”. WRONG!\r\n\r\nSince he has been “eating” (I put it in his food) the Pro-Canine* he has stopped the grass eating, and mud eating. I really believe that he was looking for “organisms”.\r\n\r\nWhy do dogs eat Poo?\r\n\r\nThis has nothing to do with Max, but is interesting none the less. My Labbie is an ex- rescue dog – she came to me with the disgusting habit of eating Max’s poo. It was awful and I had to walk around with a plastic bag. Then, if Max had a poo I could pick it up immediately, otherwise she would eat it and never her own only Max’s! To top it off she is a “licky” dog, always wants to lick you all over (so it was really awful). It was theorized that perhaps she was missing something in her diet, it was then theorized that maybe she was being motherly, and it was then theorized that maybe as she saw me always picking it up that she was trying to help (). Well, since she has been eating the Pro-Canine* she has finally (thank goodness!) stopped this really awful habit! So I think she was looking for organisms, or digestive enzymes or something. Whatever she was looking for she finally seems to be getting it! SO – a big THANK YOU!\r\n\r\nAnyway, back to Max:\r\n\r\nHe is on a restricted diet – this is to help his small intestine heal.\r\nHe is taking the Pro-Canine* internally (much higher than indicated dosage, which when I went back to my notes on how I did this - I built this dosage up from 1ml to now a total of 6 capfuls a day, spread out in his food. He eats 3 meals a day, so 2 capfuls per meal).\r\nI am applying the Super SCD* on his skin – I started with the Pro-Canine* and switched to the Super SCD* as it is more concentrated. Currently I use 750ml to 3lt’s of water and I sponge it onto his skin. I also look for any 3 cycle lesions (Staph has 3 cycles to how the lesions appear) and I gently run them with the sponge with the SCD solution on it, to remove the crusts and so the SCD can penetrate those areas.\r\nI add 1 capful into their bowl of water at each water change – we change the drinking water 3 times a day.\r\nI also put Max onto a “genuine” Colostrum supplement to help his Thymus Gland regenerate. It contains PROLINE-RICH POLYPEPTIDE (PRP), a hormone that regulates the thymus gland, stimulating an under active immune system or down-regulating an overactive immune system as seen in autoimmune disease (MS, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, scleroderma, chronic fatigue syndrome, allergies, etc.). PRP also helps regulate immune function by increasing the permeability of the skin\'s vessels. There are over 37 different immune factors found in colostrum. These include the five immunoglobulins, Lactoferrin, Polyproline-Rich Peptide, Leukocytes, Interferon, and Cytokines. These immune factors can boost the immune system as well as directly fight off disease. I will also do up something for your clients on the direct benefits of using a “proper genuine colostrum supplement” and would seriously recommend it. In fact, I am trying to import this same one in bulk to make up a supplement for dogs and cats etc.\r\nAnd this is the results after 9 days and 6 Topical Applications – (remember on Day 1 - I only dabbed a few sores with “neat” Pro-Canine and used only 1ml in his food to test for an allergy, I also missed a day on topical application, got caught up with other problems):\r\n\r\nMy dog smells good (ALL the time) usually even after a bath he would immediately start to smell again\r\nHe is sleeping through the night, usually you can hear him the whole night scratching and biting and either my husband or I are constantly telling him to STOP!\r\nHe is scratching FAR LESS. Not 100% yet, but as you can see from the photos the hair is even starting to come right, which is not possible if he was scratching on the QT. So, he is not even scratching and biting consistently “on the quiet” when I am not looking\r\nThe Staph sores are healing, and no new sore are appearing. Sadly, Max has become resistant, or should I rather say, the Staph has become resistant to the Antibiotics – we usually use Ranceph or Ceporex – and initially they worked at clearing it, then they only worked to stop new sores from appearing, but did nothing to heal the existing sores. In 3 years down the line, they do not stop new sores and do not clear the existing sores. I stopped the antibiotics on the Saturday (after only 2 topical applications, as I could see that the SCD was working and I could see that the antibiotics – after 3 weeks on them - were still doing nothing!).\r\nI am not washing Max – thankfully! I used to wash him every day or every second day to get an infection under control and then I would revert to bathing him once a week, until the next infection. I have bathed him once properly and then continued with the SCD topically. It is quick to sponge the SCD on and I would just suggest from my own experience to wet the dog first with water and then start sponging on, otherwise the SCD has a tendency to slip or run off until the coat becomes saturated. It is really quick to wet a dog, so the time it used to take me to bath and dry him (I would dry him afterwards with a high powdered blower, so that I could see where all the sores are and how they are responding to the antibiotics and shampoo, and whether the infection is spreading, etc.). If his skin stayed wet for too long, the Staph would worsen much quicker and now I just applied the SCD and let him dry, much quicker and easier to manage! If the dog is smaller, it would be easier to pick them up and put them in a bath; but applying it is not a problem for the record!\r\nSadly, I had already decided “prior to the SCD” that I would have Max with us for one last Christmas, and in January if I could not come right I would do the “right” thing and euthanased him! You can not begin to imagine the suffering of this dog and I would hate to live like this if it were me. Imagine ALWAYS being so itchy that you tear your skin to blood. Wherever Max sat he would leave blood behind!\r\n\r\nI had also scheduled an appointment with another “new” homeopathic specialist to see Max, as my last ditch attempt at trying to help my poor dog.\r\n\r\nI have cancelled the specialist appointment and I have cancelled the “fate of January”, and I am actually smiling for a change! My dog is sitting here while I have been typing this and has not scratched once. I know that it is early days still for Max, but he is healing so beautifully and every day the scratching is less than the day before. I read that the small intestine can take anything from 7 days to 9 months to heal depending on the severity of the damage. The Colon can also take a long time for all the baddies to disappear, the good guys to get a hold of what is going on in there, and the thymus also takes a while. So yes, it is early days – but if anyone can produce a result like this in such a short period of time, I have a feeling that soon Max will be 100% sooner than I expect! I will also start to slowly re-introduce different foods to Max – I will take this process very slow and as his body can handle. At this stage given the results, I am seeing and imagine that for him that I will probably try this after about another month or 2 – I will start with rice (as an example) and if he can tolerate it, I will let him eat that for a while as a carb, with Ostrich as the protein, and then try add in something else. I will treat him like a baby; slowly add, check, go back if he reacts, and wait a bit and then try again, until I can successfully bring back his ability to handle any food.\r\n\r\nHere is some of his before SCD and after 6 Topical Applications, and 8 Oral dosages (remember that his whole body except for a 22cm wide piece of skin down the center of his back looks like this):\r\n', 'Customer’s Dog (Max) Testimonial ', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'customers-dog-max-testimonial', '', '', '2013-10-04 02:12:25', '2013-10-04 09:12:25', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?post_type=testimonial&#038;p=2903', 0, 'testimonial', '', 0),
(2904, 10, '2013-10-04 02:23:54', '2013-10-04 09:23:54', '[full-testimonials category=\"53\"]', '', '', 'trash', 'closed', 'open', '', '2904-2', '', '', '2014-03-13 20:25:08', '2014-03-14 03:25:08', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?page_id=2904', 0, 'page', '', 0),
(2907, 10, '2013-10-04 03:06:15', '2013-10-04 10:06:15', '\"Excellent cleaning - cleans much better than normal chemical cleaner and not a single drop of water used\" that\'s what our house helper said. Spray and wipe. She said normally it would take her an hour or so to wash and scrub with normal detergent. ', 'ProKlean Degrease Testimonial ', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'proklean-degrease-testimonial', '', '', '2013-10-04 03:06:15', '2013-10-04 10:06:15', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?post_type=testimonial&#038;p=2907', 0, 'testimonial', '', 0),
(2908, 10, '2013-10-04 03:08:11', '2013-10-04 10:08:11', 'f you are collecting personal testimonials, I can share one from this past weekend:\r\n\r\nMy family took advantage of the nice weather this past weekend by cleaning out the garage. After moving everything out on to the lawn, I sprayed some diluted SCD Bio Klean™ on the concrete floor of the garage and allowed it to sit for about 15 minutes, then rinsed it away. It effectively removed a few recent stains from a leaky trash can. I then noticed some older, stubborn stains which were left behind. So after the floor dried, I poured undiluted SCD Bio Klean™ on these stains and waited for about 30 minutes before rinsing it off. When the floor dried, the spots that had been treated with undiluted SCD Bio Klean™ were cleaned and noticeably whiter than the surrounding areas. The smell of rotten trash was also gone.\r\n\r\nBy the way, the SCD Bio Klean™ which I used was from a batch that was about a year past and it’s “best by date”.', 'TESTIMONIAL HOUSEHOLD CLEANING (77)', '', 'publish', 'closed', 'closed', '', 'testimonial-household-cleaning-77', '', '', '2013-10-04 03:08:11', '2013-10-04 10:08:11', '', 0, 'http://jagjuice.us/?post_type=testimonial&#038;p=2908', 0, 'testimonial', '', 0);
