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<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Composting is easy with <a href="http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_1_s/261.htm" target="_self">Activated EM•1</a></span><a href="http://www.teraganix.com/Activated_EM_1_s/261.htm"><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup></a><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">.  Simply add 1 gallon per ton of green waste; 1.5 gallons per ton of manure; or 2 gallons per ton of food waste.  Add water to reach the desired moisture content.  Follow standard composting procedures with turning and monitoring temperatures.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">The video on the right is of a visit with the City of Redding, California's Denis Carvalho.  The City of Redding, under Denis' direction, was composting all of their green waste with Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup> from 1997 until his retirement in 2009.  The initial reason for using Effective Microorganisms was for odor control.  Denis learned through experience that the use of EM increased the speed of processing, allowing the facility to turn over the area much faster and recycle much more wastes than they have previously.


Traditional composting follows certain guidelines, requiring temperatures to go up to 140-160ºF with lots of aeration.  The materials are most commonly turned using a turner.  A turner looks like an above-ground roto tiller.  The turner not only allows for air to get into the materials, but also breaks up the chunks of material.  Some turners are equipped with sprayers that allow for inoculation with water or enzymes or bacteria.  The video on the left shows an operation in Deming, New Mexico using a turner from Mid-West Biosystems.  The piles in this video are turned when temperatures reach 145ºF.  On average the piles are turned about 17 or 18 times over the course of 35 days.

<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Back in 2006 a trial was set up to examine the benefits of Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> on a commercial aerobic windrow of green waste compost at a compost facility in Northern California.  This facility uses a method of composting that requires a tremendous amount of turning.</span><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">  The finished compost is both consistent and high quality.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">Lab analysis provided results that suggest the compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> was significantly more mature and stable than the control at the end of the testing period.  The compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> had a Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio of 15:1.   The C:N ratio for the untreated compost (control) was 18:1.  Furthermore, the compost treat with the Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> contained 5 times more nitrate than the control.  The NO</span><sub style="font-family: Arial;">2</sub><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">: NH</span><sub style="font-family: Arial;">3</sub><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> ratio for the compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> was 16:1 compared to 3:1 for the control.  The compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> more intensely cycled carbon to nitrogen and more efficiently converted organic nitrogen into nitrate.  Microbial analysis confirmed and quantified the visible increase in microbial activity.  The heterotrophic, actinomycetes, and pseudomonad groups had significantly greater populations in the compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;">.  The microbial diversity index for the compost treated with Activated EM•1</span><sup style="font-family: Arial;">®</sup><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"> was also greater than the control.</span><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt; font-weight: bold;">BBC Labs Microbial Analysis Report Summary:</span><br style="font-family: Arial;" /></span></span></span>
<table style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 651px; font-family: Arial; height: 159px;">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Heterotrophic Group
</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Activated EM•1<sup>®</sup>
Control
</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">120 Million
36 Million
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Actinomycetes Group
</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Activated EM•1<sup>®
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Control</span>
</sup></span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">16 Million
2 Million
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Pseudomonad Group
</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Activated EM•1<sup>®
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Control</span>
</sup></span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">6.5 Million
0.45 Million
</span></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Anaerobic Group
</span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Activated EM•1<sup>®
<span style="font-size: 10pt;">Control</span>
</sup></span></td>
<td style="border: 1px solid #000000;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">9.4 Million
13 Million
</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<span style="font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: 10pt;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;"><br style="font-family: Arial;" /><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Arial;">Today, there are several commercial facilities using Effective Microorganisms<sup>®</sup> in the US.  Most are composting green wastes and/or manures.  </span></span></span></span>