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Antioxidants reverse oxidation. Antioxidants are chelated minerals and vitamins. Metabolites in EM•1<sup>®</sup>, in addition to the billions of live, active microbes, include trace minerals, vitamins, and various organic acids. Therefore, EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment is known to reverse putrefaction and oxidation through these secreted antioxidants. Antioxidants help with pH balance, preventing and even reversing corrosion, as well as controlling odors and salt build up on equipment. The pH balance also contributes to prevention of H<sub>2</sub>S combining with water vapor and forming H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, the main cause of crowning in sewer lines. Thiobacillus bacteria are the same bacteria that are used in strip mining to produce the acid wash. These bacteria are found everywhere on earth, but they need a certain pH, water, and sulfur to form sulfuric acid. The wastewater vapors in sewer lines provide the perfect environment for sulfuric acid production.*

The microbes in EM•1<sup>®</sup> not only release O<sub>2</sub> during their respiration which raises the pH, they also ingest a tremendous amount of sulfur, therefore removing it from the waste stream.*

Rising corrosive gases in lift stations can be dealt with through several types of applications with regular applications of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment, thereby preventing corrosion from outset. With repeated applications of EM•1<sup>®</sup> Waste Treatment, metals and concrete will not corrode and those that already are corroded further corrosion will be prevented.
<div>In wastewater, antioxidants have a scavenging effect in the treatment system, pulling compounds out of suspension by combining with salts, thus causing a crystallization formation into a benign salt. By preventing various salts and mineral formation build up, the pipes will be polished without the need for mechanical cleaning. This all equals saving the municipality and the taxpayers money.</div>
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<div>Depending on the condition, an application rate of 1:10-1:100 is recommended. The area is sprayed with the appropriately-sized piece of equipment and odor is eliminated. If this is to be a daily application, a fogging unit, injection pump, and timer are installed.A fresh water source is need for scheduled treatments.

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*Much of this information can be found in Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology (9th Ed.).